The catholyte generated was collected every 7 days using a sterile syringe. The pH and conductivity were measured using a Hanna 8424 pH meter (Hanna, UK) and a 470 Jenway conductivity meter (Camlab, UK), respectively. Dry weight of precipitated salts was determined by drying 1 mL of catholyte over 48 h and weighing the dry mass.
Hanna 8424 ph meter
Manufactured by Hanna Instruments
Sourced in United Kingdom
The Hanna 8424 pH meter is a versatile and accurate instrument designed for pH measurement in various applications. It features a digital display, automatic temperature compensation, and a durable, splash-resistant housing. The device is suitable for use in laboratories, industrial settings, and other environments where precise pH monitoring is required.
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Lab products found in correlation
4 protocols using hanna 8424 ph meter
1
Monitoring Catholyte Precipitation Dynamics
2
Microbial Fuel Cell Electrochemical Analysis
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The potential of MFCs was recorded in volts (V) against time by a multi-channel Agilent data logging device. Recorded data were processed and analysed using the GraphPad Prism version 5.01 software package (GraphPad, San Diego, USA).
The current (I) in amperes (A) was calculated using Ohm’s law, I = V/R, where V is the measured voltage in volts (V) and R is the known value of the external load resistor in ohms. Power (P) in watts (W) was calculated by multiplying voltage with current, P = I × V. Power density was calculated in terms of the electrode surface area, PDensity = P/v, where v is the volume of the anodic chamber (mL) as previously described [14 (link)]. A Hanna 8424 pH meter (Hanna, UK) was used for taking the pH measurements.
The current (I) in amperes (A) was calculated using Ohm’s law, I = V/R, where V is the measured voltage in volts (V) and R is the known value of the external load resistor in ohms. Power (P) in watts (W) was calculated by multiplying voltage with current, P = I × V. Power density was calculated in terms of the electrode surface area, PDensity = P/v, where v is the volume of the anodic chamber (mL) as previously described [14 (link)]. A Hanna 8424 pH meter (Hanna, UK) was used for taking the pH measurements.
3
Urine Characterization in Microbial Fuel Cells
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The voltage of the two set-ups was continuously monitored by a multi-channel Agilent 34972A (Farnell, UK) data logging device. An automatic resistorstat tool was used to perform the polarisation test by varying the external loading from 999,999 to 0 Ω (including open circuit voltage). The urine before and after being treated in the MFCs was characterised by measuring its pH and conductivity with a Hanna 8424 pH meter (Hanna, UK) and a Jenway conductivity meter (Camlab, UK) with an operating range of 0–1999 mS cm−1, respectively.
4
Analytical Methods for Wastewater Characterization
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Total Nitrogen was measured using MD500 colorimeter (Lovibond, UK) and Vario Tube Test (0.5–25 mg/L) using diluted samples. For measuring chemical oxygen demand (COD), samples were filtered through 0.45 µm filters (Millex, USA) and then analysed using MD 200 photometer (Lovibond, UK) and potassium dichromate oxidation test vials (COD HR, Camlab, UK). A Hanna 8424 pH meter (Hanna, UK) was used for the pH measurements and a Jenway conductivity meter (Camlab, UK) with an operating range of 0–1999 mS/cm was used for conductivity measurements.
The total viable count (TVC) of organisms in catholyte samples was performed by a conventional serial dilution method with surface spreading of 0.1 mL dilution samples onto nutrient agar (peptone, yeast extract and salt based agar, Oxoid, UK) petri dishes, which were incubated aerobically at room temperature (22 °C) for 48 h. Microbial colony counts are expressed as log10 colony forming unit (CFU) per sample of catholyte.
The total viable count (TVC) of organisms in catholyte samples was performed by a conventional serial dilution method with surface spreading of 0.1 mL dilution samples onto nutrient agar (peptone, yeast extract and salt based agar, Oxoid, UK) petri dishes, which were incubated aerobically at room temperature (22 °C) for 48 h. Microbial colony counts are expressed as log10 colony forming unit (CFU) per sample of catholyte.
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