Mersilk

CSD is aimed at approximation by conservative sharp debridement. Therefore, CSD was proceeded without drawing an excisional line, and debridement was performed only to the extent that the approximation was possible.^{[5 ,14 ]} Meanwhile, TSD is aimed at approximate tissues with minimal injuries by removal beyond the severely macerated, ragged wound edge or partially avulsed segment in the wound edge.^{[13 ,14 ]} After the bleeding was controlled, a skin marker pen (Dual Marking Pen, Ayida, Xiamen, Fujian, China) was used to draw the design according to the aforementioned goal, and wound excision and incision were performed.^{[13 ,14 ]} Various types of LFD were applied in cases of excessive tension or when preserving facial anatomical symmetry or function was required.^{[13 ,14 ]} For all procedures performed in the ED, 6 to 0 Mersilk (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ) was used to close the cutaneous layer, 6 to 0 Monosyn (B. Braun, Rubi, Barcelona, Spain) was used for the subcutaneous layer, and 5 to 0 coated VICRYL (Ethicon, Somerville, New Jersey) was used for closure below the subcutaneous layer.

Ten male New Zealand rabbits (12-week-old, 2–3 kg) by the Second Military Medical University Experimental Animal Center (China) were used for in vivo studies for MRI test. They were divided randomly and equally into ATF group and control group. Briefly, under general anesthesia with pentobarbital sodium, a 1.5-cm incision was made in the skin, then the L6 spinous process, adjacent interspinous and supraspinous ligament was removed by rongeur (Fig. 1b). In ATF group, the ATF linear material was used as substitute material to fix between spinous process of L5 and L7 with a continuous suture (4-0, Mersilk, Ethicon, Johnson & Johnson) (Fig. 1c). Then, the bilateral paraspinal muscle was sutured on the ATF linear material (Fig. 1f). In control group, the bilateral deep fascia was sutured together with a continuous suture which was usually used for lumbar surgery (Fig. 1e).Fig. 1

Rabbit model establishment and material implantation. a Lumbar sacral bone structure; b Resection of L6 spinous process; c Use AFT linear material to fix between L5 and L7; d cross-section of paraspinal muscle near lumbosacral spinous process; e Direct suture of bilateral deep fascia after resection of the interspinous ligament; f Bilateral paraspinal muscles was sutured to fix on the AFT linear material between L5 and L7 spinous process

A radiotelemetry system (TRM54P, Millar, Houston, TX, United States) was adopted to make chronic, continuous measurements of arterial pressure as reported previously (McBryde et al., 2013 (link)). Rats underwent telemetry surgery 3 days following i.v. cannulation. Rats were anesthetized with isoflurane (as above), analgesia administered (as above), and the telemeter catheter was advanced ∼1.5 cm into the descending aorta in the peritoneal cavity above the level of the caudal aorta bifurcation. A small volume of Vetbond (WPI, United Kingdom) tissue adhesive was applied to the site of catheter entry to prevent blood leakage and the catheter was held in place using a 2 × 1 cm patch of plastic surgical mesh (Millar, New Zealand). The body of the telemeter was secured within the peritoneal cavity using non-absorbable suture material (3–0 Mersilk, Ethicon, United Kingdom). Following telemeter implantation animals were allowed 5 days recovery before blood pressure recording began. Blood pressure was recorded continuously for 5 days before (baseline) and 25 days after virus injection surgeries. Telemeters were kept charged within animals and blood pressure signals received by SmartPads (TR180; Millar). The experimental room was acoustically isolated.

Both Trusilk
^® (Healthium Medtech Limited) and Mersilk
^® (Ethicon, Johnson & Johnson) are natural non-absorbable black braided sterile silk suture. Both sutures are indicated for use in soft tissue approximation and or ligation. Both the sutures are composed of an organic protein called fibroin (derived from the domesticated species
Bombyx mori) and are coated with wax to reduce friction.

Right tibial fracture with intramedullary fixation procedure was performed under anesthesia to establish the POCD animal model described in the previous study (Chen et al., 2019 (link)). Mice were subjected to 3% isoflurane for induction and 1.5% isoflurane for maintenance. Then an incision was made lateral to the right tibia to expose the bone and then a 0.38 mm intramedullary fixation needle was inserted into the tibial medullary canal for fixation. Finally, an osteotomy was performed in the middle and distal thirds of the tibia. The surgical incision was sutured with 4–0 silk non-absorbable suture (Mersilk; Ethicon, United States). The mice body temperature was adjusted at 36–37^°C during the whole procedure by a heating pad. Ropivacaine (0.2%, Oxford; AstraZeneca) was applied locally to prevent postoperative pain.