Trichloroacetic acid

Ethanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate were purchased from Guangdong Guanghua Sci-Tech Co., Ltd. (Shantou, China). Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogenphosphate, ascorbic acid (≥99.0%), trichloroacetic acid, Iron(III) chloride (FeCl₃), starch, and sodium hydroxide were purchased from Damao Chemical Reagent Factory (Tianjin, China). Phloroglucinol (≥99.0%), sodium carbonate, diammonium salt (ABTS), α-glucosidase, α-amylase, 3,5-dinitro salicylic acid, and potassium sodium tartrate were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG), acarbose, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent were purchased from Beijing Solarbio Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing China). Potassium ferricyanide and potassium persulfate were purchased from Xilong Science Co., Ltd. (Shantou, China). Methanol was chromatographic grade and purchased from Concord Technology (Tianjin, China).

Sodium hydroxide was purchased from Tianjin Continental Chemical Reagent Factory; potassium sodium tartrate was purchased from Bodi Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China); sodium carbonate, gallic acid and glucose anhydrous were purchased from Bioengineering Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China); potassium ferricyanide, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate were purchased from Yongda Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China); potassium ferricyanide was purchased from Beichen Huayue Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China); Folin—Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent was purchased from Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China); aluminum nitrate was purchased from West Asia Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Linyi, China); salicylic acid and rutin were purchased from BBI Life Sciences Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China); 1,1−Diphenyl−2−trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH) was purchased from Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China); Hydrogen peroxide, sodium nitrite, trichloroacetic acid and methylene blue were purchased from Damao Chemical Reagent Factory (Tianjin, China); ferric chloride was purchased from Solexpo Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China); anthrone was purchased from Comio Company (Shanghai, China); sulfuric acid was purchased from Reagent Factory (Shijiazhuang, China).