Crl nu ncr foxn1nu

All animal studies were conducted under a protocol approved by the University of Wisconsin Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Subcutaneous xenograft tumors of the six cell lung cancer cell lines (A549, H358, H522, H4006, H23, or H460) were induced in 5-wk-old female athymic nude mice (Crl: NU(NCr)-Foxn1^nu; Envigo, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom). For implantation, 100 μL (1 × 10⁶ cells) of a 1:1 mixture of lung cancer cells and Matrigel Matrix Basement Membrane (Corning, Corning, New York, USA) was subcutaneously injected into the lower flank of the mice. Tumor size was monitored three times weekly, and the animals were used for imaging once the tumor reached 5-10 mm in diameter, which was approximately 3-4 weeks post-implantation.

All animal studies were conducted under a protocol approved by the University of Wisconsin Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Once the cells reached 60-70% confluency, they were detached using Accutase (Innovative Cell Technologies) and 100 μL (1 × 10⁶ cells) of a 1:1 mixture of lung cancer cells and Matrigel Matrix Basement Membrane (Corning) were subcutaneously implanted into the lower flank of 4 to 7-wk-old female athymic nude mice (Crl: NU(NCr)-Foxn1nu; Envigo). Tumor sizes were monitored until they reached 5–8 mm diameter, at which time the mice were used for imaging studies.

All animal operations were carried out under a protocol approved by the University of Wisconsin Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Subcutaneous tumors (SKOV3, OVCAR3, and Caov3) were engrafted into 4–6 weeks-old female athymic nude mice (Crl: NU(NCr)-Foxn1nu) obtained from Envigo (Indianapolis, IN, USA). For implantation, 2 × 10⁶ cancer cells in 100 μL Matrigel (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) were subcutaneously injected into the lower right flank of each mouse. For orthotopic implantation of SKOV3 and OVCAR3 tumors, mice were anesthetized with 2–4% isoflurane and placed dorsal side up. An incision was made to the right of the midline and above the ovaries. Next, 1×10⁶ cancer cells in 10 μL of Matrigel were slowly injected into the ovaries before the incision was closed with absorbable 6–0 sutures (Ethicon, Cincinnati, OH, USA).