Assay kits for total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, blood glucose, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were obtained from the Zhongsheng Co. Cholesterol, 5A-cholestane, desmosterol, lathosterol, squalene, campesterol, stigmasterol, and sitosterol were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. KOH (analytical pure), anhydrous ethanol (chromatographic pure), and n-hexane (chromatographic pure) were obtained from Beijing Chemical Reagent Company. The HMDS: TMCS: pyridine ratio was 3: 1: 9 and was obtained from Supelco Co. The experimental water used was ultrapure water obtained from Millipore.
Sitosterol
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
Sitosterol is a phytosterol compound derived from plant sources. It is used as a raw material in the manufacturing of various pharmaceutical and biochemical products. Sitosterol serves as a core ingredient in the production of steroids and other related compounds. Its primary function is to provide a natural source of sterols for further chemical processing and formulation development.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Campesterol, by Merck Group (13 mentions)
Stigmasterol, by Merck Group (13 mentions)
Lupeol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Squalene, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Cholesterol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Oleanolic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Uvaol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ursolic acid methyl ester, by Carl Roth (3 mentions)
β amyrin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
α amyrin, by Carl Roth (2 mentions)
Anhydrous ethanol, by Beijing Chemical Works (1 mentions)
Lathosterol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Desmosterol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N hexane, by Beijing Chemical Works (1 mentions)
Ferulic acid, by J&K Scientific (1 mentions)
β sitosterol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Tedia (1 mentions)
Isopropanol, by Tedia (1 mentions)
N hexane, by Tedia (1 mentions)
Cholestan 3 one, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
21 protocols using sitosterol
1
Lipid Profiling by GC-MS
2
Synthesis of Epoxy Sterol Acetates
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5α,6α-Epoxycholesterol acetate and 5α,6α-epoxyphytosterol acetate were synthetized from cholesterol and sitosterol (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), respectively, by acetylation and subsequent oxidation with m-chlorperoxybenzoic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) as described by McCarthy [9 (link)]. Next, the oxidation mixture was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-acetone (4 : 1, v/v) as a mobile phase. Fractions containing pure ester were controlled by TLC technique (silica gel plates, solvent as above), pooled, and dried under vacuum. As per manufacturer's data sheet, sitosterol contains about 90% β-sitosterol and ca. 10% other phytosterols and phytostanols. Thus, its oxidation products were termed 5α,6α-epoxyphytosterols.
3
Phytosterol Extraction and Characterization
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Ferulic acid (purity >99%)
was purchased
from J&K Scientific Ltd. (Shanghai, China). β-sitosterol
(purity >95%) and phytosterols (54.5% sitosterol, 15.9% stigmasterol,
and 27.3% campesterol) were provided by Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. (Shanghai,
China). All ILs (purity >99%) were obtained from Shanghai Chengjie
Chemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). n-Hexane, methanol,
and iso-propanol used for high-performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC) analysis were of chromatographic grade and purchased
from Tedia Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Other reagents were of analytical
grade and were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
(Shanghai, China).
was purchased
from J&K Scientific Ltd. (Shanghai, China). β-sitosterol
(purity >95%) and phytosterols (54.5% sitosterol, 15.9% stigmasterol,
and 27.3% campesterol) were provided by Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. (Shanghai,
China). All ILs (purity >99%) were obtained from Shanghai Chengjie
Chemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). n-Hexane, methanol,
and iso-propanol used for high-performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC) analysis were of chromatographic grade and purchased
from Tedia Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Other reagents were of analytical
grade and were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
(Shanghai, China).
4
Preparation of Defined Sterol Diets
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The sterols/steroids were purchased from Sigma Chemical (St. Louis, MO, USA) or Steraloids Inc. (Newport, RI, USA); the other diet constituents were purchased from Sigma Chemical (St. Louis, MO, USA). The purchased sterols were tested for purity by HPLC against standards: cholesterol, stigmasterol, cholestan-3-one, and cholest-4-en-3-one were >99% pure, and sitosterol (from Sigma Chemical), which was 60% pure, and was brought to >99% purity by HPLC. Chemically-defined diets were prepared as described previously [15] . Each diet contained 0.15 M amino acids and 0.5 M sucrose, and sterols/steroids were added following published methods [11] (link). Briefly, they were dissolved in chloroform (1 mg ml−1), and added to diets at concentrations between 0.1 and 10 µg sterol ml−1.
5
Antibacterial Potential of Natural Sterols
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S. pneumoniae strain D39, which was kindly provided by Dr. David E. Briles (Departments of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham), was cultured at 37 °C using Todd-Hewitt broth. The chemicals (cholesterol, campesterol, sitosterol, brassicasterol and stigmasterol) used in our study were commercially purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the five natrual compounds for D39 were identified using the broth microdilution method based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The cloning, expression and purification of pneumolysin was performed as previously described15 (link).
6
GC-MS Sterol Identification and Quantification
7
Extraction and Analysis of Triterpenes
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All solvents: chloroform, diethyl ether, methanol, and chemicals: CH3COOH, KOH, NaOH (purchased from Chempur, Piekary Śląskie, Poland), used for extraction and analysis were of analytical grade. Authentic standards of α-amyrin and ursolic acid methyl ester were purchased from Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany); β-amyrin, lupeol, uvaol, oleanolic acid, campesterol, sitosterol and stigmasterol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany).
8
Extraction and Analysis of Triterpenes
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All solvents: chloroform, diethyl ether, methanol (purchased from Chempur, Piekary Śląskie, Poland) used for extraction and analysis were of analytical grade. Authentic standards of α-amyrin and ursolic acid methyl ester were purchased from Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany); β-amyrin, lupeol, uvaol, oleanolic acid, campesterol, sitosterol and stigmasterol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). α-Amyrenone and β-amyrenone were obtained by oxidation of the α-amyrin and β-amyrin standards with chromium trioxide-pyridine in dichloromethane [18 (link)].
9
Synthesis and Purification of Sterol Epoxides
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The 5α,6α-epoxycholesterol acetate and 5α,6α-epoxyphytosterols acetate were synthetized, respectively, from cholesterol and sitosterol (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) by acetylation and subsequent oxidation with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) as described by McCarthy et al. [6 (link)]. Next, the oxidation mixture was purified by column chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-acetone (4:1, v/v) as a mobile phase. Fractions containing pure ester were controlled by TLC technique (silica gel plates, solvent as above), pooled, and dried under vacuum.
According to information from the manufacturer, “sitosterol” contained about 90% β-sitosterol and ca. 10% other phytosterols and phytostanols. Thus, its oxidation products are named as 5α,6α-epoxyphytosterols.
According to information from the manufacturer, “sitosterol” contained about 90% β-sitosterol and ca. 10% other phytosterols and phytostanols. Thus, its oxidation products are named as 5α,6α-epoxyphytosterols.
10
Comprehensive Extraction and Analysis Protocol
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N-hexane, potassium iodide (KI), sulphuric acid, boric acid, sodium sulfate, diethyl ether, potassium hydroxide, sodium thiosulphate, acetone, acetic acid, chloroform, ethanol, and methanol were procured from Guangdong Chemical Factory (Guangdong, China). Ethylacetate, Wijjs reagent, isopropyl alcohol (lichrosolv), alpha/gamma tocopherol, ergosterol, cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol, campesterol, and sitosterol were procured from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Others like tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetonitrile, betacarotene, alpha/gamma carotene reference standards were procured from Shandong Yanshuo Chemical Co., Ltd. (Linzi, China). All chemicals/reagents employed in the study were of analytical grade standard.
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