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8 protocols using n alkanes c8 c20

1

Compounds and Reagents Procurement

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Linalool, 3-carene, α-terpineol, decanal, citral, d-limonene, α-pinene and n-alkanes (C8–C20) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was purchased from Biosharp (Hefei, China).
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2

HS-SPME-GC-MS Analysis of Grape Must Volatiles

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4-Methylpentan-2-ol was used as internal standard for the HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis; it was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). N-alkanes (C8–C20) of analytical grade, Μethoxyamine hydrochloride, N-Methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA), Τrimethylchlorosilane (TMCS), pyridine anhydrous, and HCl 37% used for the derivatization of musts were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany), while the sodium chloride used in the extraction of volatiles for the salting-out effect and the methanol (MeOH) used for the extraction before derivatization were purchased from Chem-Lab (Zedelgem, Belgium).
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3

Quantitative Analysis of Iridoid and Phenylpropanoid Glycosides

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The following standards for iridoid glycosides and phenylpropanoid glycosides were purchased from APTBio (Shanghai, China): catalpol, rehmannioside A, rehmannioside D, leonuride, aucubin, and verbascoside, n-alkanes (C8–C20; Sigma-Aldrich, USA). The structures of these standards are shown in Figure 1. Methanol, acetonitrile, and formic acid (HPLC grade) were supplied by Fisher Scientific (Fairlawn, NJ, USA). Ethyl acetate and petroleum ether (HPLC grade) were purchased from Shanghai Chemical Reagent Co. (Shanghai, China). Water was purified by a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Milford, MA, USA).
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4

Analysis of S. rugoso-annulata Compounds

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The fresh S. rugoso-annulata was provided by Xinxin Vegetable Planting Cooperative (Meihe, Jilin, China). 2-Methyl-3-heptanone was purchased from Maclean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The n-alkanes (C8~C20) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The 5′-nucleotides standards obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The amino acids mixture standard solution was purchased from Waters (Shanghai, China). Flavourzyme® was purchased from Solaibao Technology Co. (Beijing, China).
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5

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential of Citrus Fruits

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Nanfeng mandarins, Xunwu mandarins and Yangshuo kumquats were purchased from local fruit market in Ganzhou city in Jiangxi Province in November 2019. A physiological drop of Gannan Newhall navel oranges was collected from the orchard of Gannan Normal University in June 2019.
2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan), 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and n-alkanes (C8–C20) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT) was purchased from Macklin, Shanghai, China. Ampicillin (sodium salt) was purchased from Solarbio, Beijing, China. The following microorganisms were purchased from Beijing, China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC): Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC6633), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC14028) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC9207).
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6

GC-MS Analysis of Saffron Volatile Components

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The volatile components analysis of the saffron was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) equipped with an Agilent 7890A system (A.01.01, Wilmington, DE, USA) and a mass selective detector 5975 Network MSD and coupled to a MPS automatic sampling system, as described previously by Naim et al. [62 (link)]. The chromatographic separation was performed on a HP-5MS capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.17 mm), and the following temperature program was used: 60 °C held for 3 min, then increased to 210 °C at a rate of 4 °C/min, then held at 210 °C for 15 min, then increased to 300 °C at a rate of 10 °C/min, and finally held at 300 °C for 15 min. Helium was used as the carrier gas at a constant flow of 1 mL/min. For the quantification, the results are presented as a percentage of the peak area, considering a response factor of the fiber. Mass Hunter Version B.06.00 (Agilent Technologies) was used for the data acquisition and processing. The identification of the components was based on the comparison of the obtained mass spectrum with those from the commercial databases (NIST17 and Wiley) and by comparison with the retention index (RI) of each peak from the literature (Pherobase). The experimental retention index (RI) of the compounds were calculated following the injection of a mixture of n-alkanes C8-C20 (Sigma Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany).
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7

Fatty Acid Profiling of Nori and Oils

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Unseasoned dried nori and sample oils were purchased from local grocery stores (Jinju, Korea). To prevent nori quality from influencing the results of this study, one kind of nori was used throughout the study. Upon receipt, oil samples (i.e., camellia oil and sesame oil) were flushed with nitrogen and stored at −40°C to prevent oxidation prior to analysis. HPLC-grade methanol, hexane, boron trifluoride in methanol, anhydrous sodium sulfate, and sodium chloride were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Suwanee, GA, USA). Heptadecanoic acid (98% purity), diethyl ether, potassium hydroxide, 1% phenolphthalein in ethanol (v/v), pentadecane, n-alkanes (C8–C20), and a lipid standard mixture of 37 fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Other chemicals were of analytical grade.
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8

Volatile Compound Profiling via GC-MS

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MassHunter Version B.06.00 (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) was used for data acquisition and processing. General volatile compound profiles were established through a chromatographic deconvolution process (Agilent MassHunter Unknowns Analysis) and chromatographic areas were obtained for each volatile compound. Identification of the individual components was based on: (a) comparison of the mass spectrum (MS) outcomes to those of commercial databases: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST17) and Wiley7 (match factor threshold > 700); (b) comparison of the retention index (RI) of each peak with literature RI data (± 20) from the NIST WebBook. Experimental retention index (RI) of the compounds were calculated following the injection of a mixture of n-alkanes C8-C20 (Sigma Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany). They were first reported as a percentage of the total chromatographic area on Excel (Microsoft Excel 2016) to allow a general analysis.
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