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7 protocols using dylight 488 anti mouse igg

1

ICAM-1 Expression on Endothelial Cells

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ECs were plated to confluence under normal growth conditions and treated with L-NIO (5 mM) ± NTG (5 μM) overnight. ECs were then detached and sequentially labeled with primary anti-ICAM-1 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) for 20 min, followed by FITC-conjugated DyLight 488 anti-mouse IgG (Vector labs. USA). Next, ECs were fixed with 1% PFA, detected by a Cell Lab Quanta SC flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, CA), and analyzed by FlowJo software (Treestar Inc, CA).
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2

Immunofluorescent Staining of EphA2 and Shp2

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Immunofluorescent staining was performed as described previously by us43 (link). Briefly, cells were plated into chamber slides (Millipore) and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, permeabilized, and incubated with mouse anti-EphA2 antibody (1 : 300 dilution) and rabbit anti-Shp2 antibody (1 : 100 dilution), followed by incubation with DyLight® 488 anti-mouse IgG (DI-2788, Vector Laboratories) and DyLight® 594 anti-Rabbit IgG (DI-1794, Vector Laboratories). Images were captured using an inverted confocal fluorescent microscope (LEICA TCS SP8). Nuclei were counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI).
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3

Immunofluorescence Imaging of Cell Junctions

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To examine tight and adherens junctions, polarized epithelial cells were fixed with 4 % paraformaldehyde for 20 min, permeabilized with 0.05 % Triton X-100 and washed three times with PBS. Cells were then incubated with rabbit mAb occludin (Zymed) and rabbit mAb E-cadherin (CSI) for 1 h at room temperature. Cells were washed and incubated for 25 min with secondary antibody DyLight 488 antimouse IgG (Vector), and cell nuclei were stained with DAPI. Cells were analyzed using a Nikon Eclipse E400 fluorescence microscope.
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4

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Placental sFLT1

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Fresh placental tissues were frozen in isopentane cooled in liquid nitrogen. For immunofluorescence (IF) staining, the tissues were cryosectioned (4 μm-thick) and stained for sFLT1, C4d and MAC. Expression of sFLT1 protein in cryosections of placenta was evaluated using an anti-human FLT1 antibody that recognizes the N-terminal region of FLT1/sFLT1 (catalog no. AF321; 1:600 dilution, R & D Systems, Minneapolis, MN), an anti-human C4d monoclonal antibody Clone # 10–11 (catalog no. 2222–8004; 1:500 dilution; Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) and anti-human MAC monoclonal mouse antibody clone# Ae11; (catalog number. M077701-5; 1:50 dilution Dako, Carpentaria, CA). Secondary antibodies were used for sFLT1 – VectaFluor R.T.U. DyLight® 594 Anti-Goat IgG staining kit (catalog no. DI-3794) and for MAC and C4d VectaFluor R.T.U. DyLight® 488 Anti-Mouse IgG catalog no. DI-2798; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA).
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5

Monocyte Adhesion Assay with ICAM-1 Clustering

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ECs were grown to confluence on glass coverslips under normal growth conditions and treated with L-NIO (5 mM) ± [NTG (5 μM) or NTG-NL (5 μg/ml)] for 24 hr. Next, a monocyte adhesion assay was performed (as described earlier) and the U937 cell-EC cocultures fixed, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100, blocked with 2% bovine serum albumin (BSA; Millipore, USA), and sequentially incubated with primary anti-ICAM-1 mouse antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) and secondary FITC-conjugated DyLight 488 anti-mouse IgG (Vector Labs, USA). To visualize actin microfilaments, U937 cell-EC cocultures were incubated with Alexa Fluor 594-Phalloidin (BD Biosciences, USA). Coverslips were mounted onto glass slides and fluorescence images (15 per condition) were taken using a Nikon Eclipse Ti microscope fitted with a Nikon Digital Sight DS-Qi1Mc camera. ICAM-1 clustering index was determined by measuring ICAM-1 fluorescence intensity (from n ≥ 10 images) at the U937-EC adhesion site and normalizing it to the average ‘background’ intensity measured from three neighboring EC cytoplasmic sites.
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6

Dual Immunofluorescence Staining of Kidney Biopsies

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Snap-frozen, nonfixed kidney biopsies were double immunofluorescence stained with sFLT1/CD68 antibodies or sFLT-1/CD34 antibodies. Five-micrometer cryosections of kidney biopsies were cut and equilibrated in phosphate-buffered saline for 10 minutes at 37 °C, followed by incubation with sFlt-1 (1:200; AF231; R&D Systems), CD68 (FLEX Monoclonal Mouse Anti-Human CD68, Clone KP1, (Agilent), or FLEX Monoclonal Mouse Anti-Human CD34 Class II, Clone QBEnd 10, (Agilent) for 30 minutes at 37 °C. Slides were then rinsed with phosphate-buffered saline and incubated for 30 minutes with VectaFluor R.T.U. DyLight 594 Anti-Goat IgG or VectaFluor R.T.U. DyLight 488 Anti-Mouse IgG (Vector Laboratories), respectively. Slides were rinsed twice in phosphate-buffered saline and mounted.
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7

Investigating EMT Signaling Pathways

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TGF-β2 and TNF-α were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). EGF and FGF-2 were obtained from Peprotech, Inc (Rocky Hill, NJ, USA). Nutlin-3 was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA). Antibodies against N-cadherin, Vimentin, Cytokeratin (Catalog #4545), and MDM2 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). The antibody against Fibronectin was from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Antibodies against β-actin and p53 were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Secondary antibodies of IRDye 800CW goat anti-rabbit IgG and IRDye 680RD goat anti-mouse IgG were obtained from Li-cor Biotechnology (Lincoln, NE, USA). Secondary antibodies of DyLight 549 goat anti-rabbit and DyLight 488 anti-mouse IgG were purchased from Vector Lab (Burlingame, CA, USA).
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