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420 protocols using multi gauge software

1

Whole-tissue and micro-autoradiography for atherosclerosis

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For whole-tissue autoradiography, the extracted aorta from 3 athero, control and WT mice was placed on an imaging plate (FujiFilm, Tokyo, Japan) for overnight exposure at −80°C. A digital readout of the imaging plate was obtained using a FLA-7000 scanner (FujiFilm, Tokyo, Japan), and images were analyzed with MultiGauge software (FujiFilm, Tokyo, Japan). Optical density corresponding to tracer uptake was quantified in PSL/mm2. The entire aorta was excised vertically and subjected to ORO staining (see below).
For micro-autoradiography, the extracted aorta from 2 athero mice was embedded and frozen in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) compound. The frozen tissue samples were cut into 10 μm sections on a cryotome (Leica Microsystems, Bannockburn, IL). Autoradiographic images were obtained by placing tissue sections on an imaging plate (FujiFilm, Tokyo, Japan) for overnight exposure at −80°C. A digital readout was obtained using a FLA-7000 scanner (FujiFilm, Tokyo, Japan), and images were analyzed with MultiGauge software (FujiFilm, Tokyo, Japan). Adjacent sections were used for histologic studies. Digital autoradiographic images were visually co-registered with stained tissue sections and tracer uptake was quantified in regions of interest (ROI) that included the plaque and unaffected vessel wall in PSL/mm2.
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2

Reconstituted PCNA-Dependent DNA Synthesis

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The assay was performed essentially as described in (37 (link)). The reaction (20 μl final volume) was assembled on single primed ФX174 virion ssDNA (5 nM) in buffer O (20 mM Tris–Cl pH 7.5, 5 mM DTT, 0.1 mM EDTA, 70 mM KCl, 0.5 mM ATP, 40 μg/ml BSA, 8 mM MgCl2, 5% glycerol and 60 μM each of dGTP and dCTP), in the presence of RPA (1 μM), PCNA (10 nM), RFC (17.5 nM), Pol δ (5 nM) followed by a 5 min incubation at 30°C to allow loading of PCNA on the substrate. DNA synthesis was initiated by adding the start buffer (60 μM dTTP and 0.375 μCi [α-32P]dATP in buffer O). After the indicated time at 30°C, the reactions were stopped with SDS (0.5% final) and Proteinase K (0.5 mg/ml) and loaded onto an agarose gel (0.8% (w/v)). After electrophoresis, the gel was dried on DE81 paper, exposed to phosphorimager screen, scanned in Fuji FLA 9000 imager and analyzed with the Multi Gauge software (Fuji).
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Extracts

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Cells were collected and lysed with lysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1% [vol/vol] Triton X-100, 5% [vol/vol] glycerol, 5 mM EDTA, and 150 mM NaCl). After centrifugation at 18,000 × g for 15 min at 4°C, supernatants were collected. Threefold-concentrated Laemmli’s sample buffer (0.1875 M Tris-HCl, pH 6.8, 15% [vol/vol] β-mercaptoethanol, 6% [wt/vol] SDS 30% [vol/vol] glycerol, and 0.006% [wt/vol] bromophenol blue) was added to the supernatants, and the samples were boiled for 3 min. Proteins were separated by SDS–PAGE and transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane (Advantec TOYO, Tokyo, Japan). The membrane was blocked with TBST (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 0.1 M NaCl, and 0.1% Tween-20) containing 5% (wt/vol) nonfat skim milk and probed with specific antibodies diluted with TBST containing 5% (wt/vol) nonfat skim milk or 5% (wt/vol) bovine serum albumin (BSA) overnight at 4°C. After probing with HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies, the bound antibodies were detected with Western Lightning Plus-ECL. Image acquisition was performed with an LAS 4000 mini image analyzer (Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan), and image analysis was done by MultiGauge software (Fujifilm).
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4

Phospho-Kinase Array Analysis of Cell Lines

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We performed a human phospho-kinase array analysis using our four cell lines. The relative phosphorylation levels of 39 selected proteins on the array were acquired by using the Proteome Profiler Human Phospho-Kinase Array Kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The expression levels of phosphorylation proteins were quantified by the Fuji Film Multi Gauge software (Tokyo, Japan).
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5

Aptamer Binding Efficiency Determination

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The relative binding efficiency of each aptamer variant to the target protein was determined by EMSA, as described previously [16 (link),17 (link),27 (link)]. The conditions for the binding and gel electrophoresis, along with their respective buffers, are summarized in electronic supplementary material, table S6. The relative binding efficiency of each aptamer variant with the target protein was determined from the shifted band patterns on the gels, detected with a LAS-4000 bioimager (Fuji Film) after staining with SYBR Gold. The band densities of free and complexed DNAs were quantified using the Multigauge software (Fuji Film), and the relative binding (%) was calculated by normalization with the shifted ratio for the original aptamer in the same gel.
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6

Mutant U2AF1 Splicing Regulation

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Inserts containing the ATR genomic locus (Chr 3: 142168271-142172075, deleting the region 142169744-142171669) with a single mutation at −3 position of the 3′ splice site were chemically synthesized by Fasmac (Kanagawa, Japan) and were cloned into pcDNA vector. The coding sequence of human U2AF1 was amplified by PCR using cDNA and was cloned into pcDNA3 vector with mCherry tag. The single mutation for S34F and S34Y of human U2AF1 was generated by PCR. Both minigene and U2AF1 expression plasmid vectors were injected into HEK293 cells, and infected cells were selected and collected by FACSAria II (BD Bioscience). After lysis of cells, spliced minigene was checked by RT-PCR using primers, 5′-AAGCTTCCACCATGGTCTTAAAG-3′ and 5´-GTCGCTGCTCAATGTCAAGA-3′. For quantitative analysis, the gel image was acquired using ImageQuant LAS 4000 (GE Healthcare) and quantified using Multi Gauge software (Fujifilm, Japan). Two replicas were performed for each experiment.
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7

Reconstitution of DNA Synthesis Regulation

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The assay was basically performed as described by Langston and O'Donnell (Langston & O'Donnell, 2008). ϕX174 virion circular ssDNA (0.5 nM) primed with a 70‐mer (5′‐CAAAACGGCAGAAGCCTGAATGAGCTTAATAGAGGCCAAAGCGGTCTGGAAACGTACGGATTGTTCAGTA‐3′) was incubated with PCNA (10 nM), RFC (17.5 nM), RPA (75 nM) and Polδ (10 nM) in buffer REP (20 mM Tris–HCl pH 7.5, 1 mM DTT, 12 mM MgCl2, 50 mM KCl, 0.1 μg/μl BSA, 0.09 μM dCTP, 0.09 μM dGTP, 1.25 mM ATP and an ATP‐regenerating system consisting of 20 mM creatine phosphate and 20 μg/ml creatine kinase) for 5 min at 30°C. Rad51 (300 nM) was added to the indicated reactions and incubated for 5 min at 30°C followed by the addition of various amounts of Srs2. After additional incubation for 10 min at 30°C, the DNA synthesis was initiated by adding start buffer (90 μM dTTP and 0.0375 μCi [α‐32P]dATP in buffer REP). Following the incubation for 5 min at 30°C, SDS (0.5% final) and proteinase K (0.5 mg/ml) were added and mixture loaded onto an 0.8% agarose gel. After electrophoresis, the gel was dried on GRADE 3 CHR paper (Whatman), exposed to a phosphorimager screen and scanned using a Fuji FLA 9000 imager, followed by analysis with Multi Gauge software (Fuji).
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8

Ribosome Profiling of CTIF-Expressing Cells

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MEF-eIF2α (A/A) cells were cultured in three 150-mm culture dishes. When indicated, the cells were transiently transfected with plasmid expressing either GST-CTIF-WT or GST-CTIF(54–598). Two days after transfection, cells were washed with 10 ml of ice-cold PBS containing 100 μg ml−1 cycloheximide. After washing, cell extraction was resuspended with 1 ml of lysis buffer (50 mM MOPS, 15 mM MgCl2, 150 mM NaCl, 100 μg ml−1 cycloheximide, 0.5% Triton X-100, 1 mg ml−1 Heparin, 0.2 U μl−1 RNase inhibitor, 2 mM PMSF and 1 mM benzamidine) and centrifuged. After harvesting, soluble fraction was loaded onto the top of the pre-established sucrose gradient (10 ml of 10∼50%), and centrifuged at 36,000 r.p.m. in a Beckman SW-41 Ti rotor for 2 h at 4 °C. After ultracentrifugation, gradients were fractionated and collected using the ISCO tube piercer (Brandel) and fraction collector (Bio-Rad). Fractions were analysed by western blotting, where the signal intensities of each fraction were quantitated and analysed using the Multi Gauge software (version 3.0, Fujifilm).
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9

Quantifying Apoptosis via TUNEL Assay

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The apoptotic cell death was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Cells treated with various concentrations of aqueous BJ extract for 12 hours were permeabilized in 10 mM citrate buffer, pH 6.0. After blocking the nonspecific labeling with PBS mixture containing 2% bovine serum albumin and 0.5% NP-40, cells were incubated in TUNEL reaction solution mixed with 9 mM dUTP, 1 mM digoxigenin-labeled dUTP (Roche, Mannheim, Germany), 2.5 mM cobalt chloride, 100 mM Tris pH 7.6 and 0.3 U/μL terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase for 1 hour at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere. The sections were washed with PBS and incubated with a 1:200 dilution of horseradish peroxidase-conjugated digoxigenin antibody (Roche). With removal of unbound antibody, cell images were taken by fluorescence or confocal microscope. All colored TUNEL images were converted to black and white by Photoshop software, before being quantitated with Multi Gauge software (version 2.1, FUJIFILM). Sections of positively stained cells containing 50 nuclei were counted. Five slides of each concentration and control sections were recorded and three independent experiments carried out.
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10

Western Blot Quantification of Protein Expression

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Total proteins were extracted in lysis buffer (150 mM NaCl, 20 Mm Tris-HCl, 2 mM EDTA, 1% Nonidet P-40, 0.1% SDS and inhibitor proteases) on ice for 1 h and then centrifuged for 15 min at 12,000×g and 4 °C. The supernatant containing total protein was recovered, and the protein concentration was evaluated using the Protein Assay Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Strasbourg, France) and quantified by spectrophotometry at 450 nm.
Total protein extract (20 μg) was reduced and size-separated by 8% SDS-PAGE and transferred to PVDF membranes (Bio-Rad, Marnes-la-Coquette, France), which were blocked in 5% BSA (PAA, Les Mureaux, France). Then, the membranes were incubated with specific primary rabbit polyclonal antibodies against ANO1 (ab53213, 1:10; Abcam, Paris, France) and mouse monoclonal β-actin (A5441, 1:500; Sigma, Saint Quentin Fallavier, France). The proteins of interest were detected using ECL detection system (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Relative quantification was performed by densitometric analysis using MultiGauge software (Fujifilm, Courbevoie, France). See Supplementary Fig. 22 for gel source data.
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