The surface morphologies of the different structures were photographed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM, EVO 18, ZEISS), ultradepth microscope (UDM, DSX 510, OLYMPUS), and inverted microscope (IM, IX73, OLYMPUS). The elemental composition of the surface was analyzed by Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR, FTIR-4100, JASCO). The unidirectional motion characteristics of droplets on different patterns were recorded by a camera (Canon 80D, Japan) with a timescale. WCA was measured by an OCA20 machine (Data-Physics, Germany) for various surfaces at different temperatures.
Oca20 machine
Manufactured by Dataphysics
Sourced in Germany
The OCA20 is a compact and versatile optical contact angle measurement machine. It is designed to accurately measure the wetting properties of solid surfaces by determining the contact angle between a liquid and a solid. The OCA20 provides reliable and reproducible contact angle data for a wide range of applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Evo 18, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Dsx510, by Olympus (1 mentions)
Ft ir 4100, by Jasco (1 mentions)
S 8230, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Uv 2600, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Jsm 6700f field emission scanning electron microscope, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Stereo discovery v8 microscope, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Matlab r2012b, by MathWorks (1 mentions)
Dm2500, by Leica camera (1 mentions)
Water purification system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ultra 55, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Jem 2100f, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Labram hr, by Horiba (1 mentions)
Jem 2100f microscope, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Bx53m microscope, by Olympus (1 mentions)
Scanasyst, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Eos 760d, by Canon (1 mentions)
Dcat 11, by Dataphysics (1 mentions)
Dimension icon, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Jsm 6010la, by JEOL (1 mentions)
12 protocols using oca20 machine
1
Surface Morphology and Wettability Analysis
2
Characterization of PANI Nanoarrays
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The morphology of the PANI nanoarrays evaporator and PA membranes were captured by a field emission SEM (Hitachi S8230). The light absorption property of PANI-m was analyzed by ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry (UV2600, Shimadzu). The infrared images and surface temperatures were captured by an ICI 8320 infrared camera (ICI, USA). The water CAs were measured on an OCA20 machine (Data-physics, Germany). The average pore size of PES substrate and PANI nanoarrays evaporator were measured by a bubble-pressure method membrane pore size analyzer (Beishide, 3H-2000PB). The surface elements of the polyamide membranes were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (Thermo Scientific EXCALAB 250).
3
Scanning Electron Microscopy and Contact Angle Measurements
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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken with a JEOL JSM 6700F field emission scanning electron microscope with a primary electron energy of 3 kV, and the samples were sputtered with a layer of Pt (about 2 nm thickness) prior to imaging to improve the conductivity. Water CAs were measured with an OCA20 machine (DataPhysics, Germany) at saturated humidity. The temperature was controlled by a superthermostat (Julabo F25, Germany).
4
Microstructure and Composition Analysis
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The surface microstructures of the samples were observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM, Quanta 250 FEG). An EDX detector was used to characterize the chemical composition. The contact angles were measured by an OCA20 machine (Data‐Physics, Germany) at room temperature.
5
Contact Angle Measurement of Hydrogel, Organogel, and Organohydrogel
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All the CAs were measured using an OCA-20 machine (Dataphysics, Germany) at ambient temperature. The droplet volume was precisely controlled at 2 μl. More than five spots were taken per sample to obtain a mean value. The sample preparation in detail was follows: all samples including hydrogel, organogel and organohydrogel were cut into flat sheet with 2–4 mm thickness. All organohydrogel samples were firstly immersed in water to reach an equilibrated state (saturated state of swelling). Then, the data of CAs of oil (n-dodecane) on the samples under water were collected. Next, we needed to remove the free water on the organohydrogel samples with filter paper, and immerse the samples in oil (n-dodecane) to make the surface reach a stable state (based on many experimental experience, the CAs maintain stability after ∼5 min of immersion in oil). The data of CAs of water on the samples under oil (n-dodecane) were collected.
6
Drying Process Visualization and Analysis
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The drying process is recorded via stereomicroscope (Zeiss SteREO Discovery. V8 microscope integrated AxioCam MRc 5 CCD camera) on hot plate (KER3100-08S hot plate, Shanghai Millimeter Precision Instrument Co., Ltd) customized for microscope. Two separate light sources from side view of droplet are used to obtain real three-dimensional visualization stereoscopic images, which could reveal detail information on drop surface. The surface assembling process is observed via optical microscope (Leica DM2500), focusing on region about 1mm at drop apex and tracing the descending surface to acquire snapshots of different drying stages. The air-liquid interface decreasing rate is directly recorded on an OCA20 machine (DataPhysics, Germany) at different substrate temperature and measured by software program (MATLAB R2012b, MathWorks).
7
Wettability of Solid Nanodispersion
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The solid nanodispersion was poured into standard hard water held at 25 ±1°C. A stopwatch was used to measure the time elapsed from the instant of the pouring until the point at which the powder was entirely wetted by the water. The test was repeated three times, and the average value was used.
The wettability of the formulation on leaf surfaces was investigated based on contact angle measurements. The measurements were implemented with an OCA20 machine (Data Physics, Filderstadt, Germany) at ambient temperature. Droplets of aqueous solution with dispersed lambda-cyhalothrin solid nanodispersion (2 μL) were dropped carefully onto the leaves. The average value of five measurements was adopted.
The wettability of the formulation on leaf surfaces was investigated based on contact angle measurements. The measurements were implemented with an OCA20 machine (Data Physics, Filderstadt, Germany) at ambient temperature. Droplets of aqueous solution with dispersed lambda-cyhalothrin solid nanodispersion (2 μL) were dropped carefully onto the leaves. The average value of five measurements was adopted.
8
Surface Wettability Measurement
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The contact angle on the surface was determined by using an OCA20 machine (Data-Physics, Germany) at room temperature. Three measurements at different positions on the same sample were used to obtain the average value.
9
Mussel Shell-based SERS Substrate
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Mussel shells
were purchased from the local market in China. Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G),
chloroauric acid tetrahydrate (HAuCl4·4H2O), trisodium citrate, and ascorbic acid were supplied by Macklin
(Shanghai, China). Silver nitrate (AgNO3) was purchased
from Aladdin. Ultrapure water was obtained using a Millipore water
purification system. All chemicals were of the analytical grade. E. coli (ATCC8739), S. aureus (ATCC6538), and P. aeruginosa (PAO1)
shock-frozen strains were purchased from Guangdong Microbial Culture
Center (Guangdong, China).
The morphologies and microstructures
of the mussel shell-based substrate were investigated by field-emission
scanning electron microscopy (ZEISS ULTRA55), and the core–shell
structures Au@AgNPs were characterized using a transmission electron
microscope (JEM-2100F). UV–vis spectra were recorded with a
Varian Cary-5000 UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer. SERS
measurements were conducted with a Raman microscope (LabRAM HR, HORIBA
Scientific, Japan). The CA was measured with OCA20 machine (Data Physics,
Germany).
were purchased from the local market in China. Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G),
chloroauric acid tetrahydrate (HAuCl4·4H2O), trisodium citrate, and ascorbic acid were supplied by Macklin
(Shanghai, China). Silver nitrate (AgNO3) was purchased
from Aladdin. Ultrapure water was obtained using a Millipore water
purification system. All chemicals were of the analytical grade. E. coli (ATCC8739), S. aureus (ATCC6538), and P. aeruginosa (PAO1)
shock-frozen strains were purchased from Guangdong Microbial Culture
Center (Guangdong, China).
The morphologies and microstructures
of the mussel shell-based substrate were investigated by field-emission
scanning electron microscopy (ZEISS ULTRA55), and the core–shell
structures Au@AgNPs were characterized using a transmission electron
microscope (JEM-2100F). UV–vis spectra were recorded with a
Varian Cary-5000 UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer. SERS
measurements were conducted with a Raman microscope (LabRAM HR, HORIBA
Scientific, Japan). The CA was measured with OCA20 machine (Data Physics,
Germany).
10
Oil-Water Separation Efficiency Analysis
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Contact angles were measured with a Data-Physics OCA20 machine at ambient temperature, and each value was obtained by measuring five different positions. SEM images were recorded using a JSM-6510 microscope. TEM images were obtained with a JEOL JEM-2100F microscope. The oil concentration in the collected water was measured using an OIL480 infrared spectrometer oil content analyzer. The corresponding method consisted of solvent extraction (CCl4) and infrared spectrophotometry (2930 cm−1, 2960 cm−1, and 3030 cm−1). The water concentration in the collected oil was analyzed by an automated Karl Fischer titrator, Aquamax HTYWS-H. The separation efficiency (%) was calculated by (1 − Ci/Cc) × 100, where Ci and Cc denote the concentration of the oil or water in the initial solution and the collected liquid, respectively. Optical microscopy images were obtained using a BX53M microscope (Olympus).
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