Signa scanner

Manufactured by GE Healthcare

Sourced in United States

The Signa scanner is a medical imaging device manufactured by GE Healthcare. It is designed to capture high-quality images of the body's internal structures using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology. The Signa scanner's core function is to generate detailed scans that can be used by healthcare professionals for diagnosis and treatment planning purposes.

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Signa clinical scanners Genesis SIGNA scanner Signa 3T LX scanner Signa Explorer scanner Signa EXCITE HDxt 3.0 T MR scanner Signa 1.5T echo speed superconducting MRI scanner Signa Pioneer MRI scanner 3T Signa HDx MRI scanner GE 3T SIGNA Premier scanner Signa VH/i 3.0 T MRI scanner

128 protocols using signa scanner

Whole-brain MRI Acquisition for Alcoholism

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Whole-brain structural and functional MRI data were acquired using a 3T General Electric (GE) Signa scanner (9 controls and 4 alcoholics) and using a 3T GE Discovery MR750 (17 controls and 20 alcoholics) with an 8-channel head coil. Subject motion was minimized by following best practices for head fixation and image series were inspected for residual motion. Whole-brain fMRI data were acquired with a T₂*-weighted gradient echo-planar pulse sequence (2D axial, echo time [TE] = 30 ms, repetition time [TR] = 2200 ms, flip angle = 90°, matrix = 64 × 64, slice thickness = 5 mm, 36 slices). A dual-echo fast spin-echo (FSE) sequence (2D axial acquisition; TE = 17/102 ms, TR = 8585ms, FOV = 24 cm, matrix = 256 × 192 matrix, NEX = 1.0, slice thickness = 2.5 mm, 62 slices) was used for spatially registering the fMRI data. A field map for correction of spatial distortions in the echo-planar images was generated from gradient-recalled echo (GRE) sequence with the following parameters for the 3T GE Signa scanner (TE = 3/5 ms, TR = 460 ms, slice thickness = 5 mm, 36 slices) and for the 3T GE Discovery MR750 (TE = 7/9 ms, TR = 1000 ms, slice thickness = 5 mm, 32 slices.)

Le Berre A.P., Müller-Oehring E.M., Schulte T., Serventi M.R., Pfefferbaum A, & Sullivan E.V. (2017). Deviant Functional Activation and Connectivity of the Right Insula Are Associated With Lack of Awareness of Episodic Memory Impairment in Nonamnesic Alcoholism. Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior, 95, 15-28.

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Cortical Thickness Measurement with MRI

Cited 2 times

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Procedures for MRI scanning, scan processing, thickness maintenance measurement, and measurement error control and assessment have been described in detail [8 (link),9 (link)]. Salient points are as follows. T1-weighted scans of the entire brain were made with a 3T GE Signa scanner (164 continuous axial slices, voxel size 1 mm × 1 mm × 1 mm). All scans were made with the same scanner, head coil, and scan parameters. Regular quality assurance tests during the study identified no problems, and scanner upgrades were not done. Scan checks ruled out motion and other artifacts. Scan processing was done with automated FreeSurfer procedures (http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu; accessed on 16 January 2023). To treat data from all scans as equal and independent measures, each scan was processed individually without cross-scan registration or averaging. Thickness measures were taken in native space without transformation to a template. Cortical thickness was defined at ≈150,000 vertex locations/hemisphere, and mean hemispheric cortical thickness (mm) was determined for each hemisphere using all vertex measures. To ensure uniform processing, all scans were processed at one time, after collection of all data, using one workstation, operating system, and FreeSurfer (version 4.5.1) program. Cortical borders were visually checked and judged to not require manual correction.

Wall J., Xie H, & Wang X. (2024). Temporal Interactions between Maintenance of Cerebral Cortex Thickness and Physical Activity from an Individual Person Micro-Longitudinal Perspective and Implications for Precision Medicine. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 14(2), 127.

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Multimodal MRI Acquisition Protocol

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MRI images were acquired using a 3T GE Signa scanner with an 8 channel head coil located at the University of Michigan fMRI Laboratory. Visual stimuli were displayed using an LCD screen by Nordic Neuro Labs (Bergen, Norway). Functional T2*-weighted BOLD images were acquired using a reverse spiral sequence of 40 contiguous axial 3 mm slices (TR = 2000ms, TE = 30ms, flip angle = 90°, FOV = 22cm). Slices were prescribed parallel to the AC-PC line, and images were reconstructed into a 64×64 matrix. One structural image set was acquired: 2D T1 Axial Overlay (TR = 3170, TE = 24, flip angle = 111°, FOV = 22cm, slice thickness = 3.0mm, 43 slices, matrix = 256*192. 3D SPGR was acquired axially (flip angle = 15°, FOV = 25.6cm, slick thickness = 1mm, 156 slices, matrix = 256*256).

Schulte E.M., Yokum S., Jahn A, & Gearhardt A.N. (2019). Food Cue Reactivity in Food Addiction: a Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Physiology & behavior, 208, 112574.

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Standardized MRI Protocol for Neuroimaging

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All sMRI scans were obtained on the same 1.5-T General Electric Signa scanner located at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, MD. All scans were T-1 weighted images gathered on the same axial acquisition protocol with 1.5-mm in-plane resolution and 2.0-mm slice thickness. We used a 3D spoiled-gradient recalled-echo sequence with parameters as follows: 5ms echo time, 24ms repetition time, 45º flip angle, 256 × 192 acquisition matrix, 1 excitation, and 24 cm field of view. All scans met 2 quality assessment criteria: (i) absence of visible motion artifact in raw scans prior to pre-processing (AlexanderBloch et al., 2016 (link)Alexander-Bloch et al., 2016), and (ii) visual inspection of subcortical segmentation labels for each scan using montages of output post-processing by MAGeT brain (Raznahan et al., 2014).

Fish A.M., Nadig A., Seidlitz J., Reardon P.K., Mankiw C., McDermott C.L., Blumenthal J.D., Clasen L.S., Lalonde F., Lerch J.P., Chakravarty M.M., Shinohara R.T, & Raznahan A. (2019). Sex-biased trajectories of amygdalo-hippocampal morphology change over human development. NeuroImage, 204, 116122.

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Multimodal Brain MRI Acquisition Protocol

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MRI scans were acquired on a 1.5-T GE Signa scanner equipped with a quadrature birdcage head coil.
All patients and controls underwent a standardized brain MRI protocol including the following sequences: a 3D high-resolution T1-weighted fast spoiled gradient echo (FSPGR; TR = 12 ms, TE = 5 ms, 1 mm isotropic resolution), an axial T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR; TE = 84.8 ms, TR = 8000 ms, 0.9375 mm in-plane resolution, 3 mm slice thickness) and, finally, DTI (TR = 10.000 ms, TE = 87.5 ms, 25 directions, b-value = 900 mm² s^− 1, axial oblique FOV = 32 cm, 1.25 mm reconstructed in-plane resolution, 4 mm slices thickness).

Zanigni S., Evangelisti S., Giannoccaro M.P., Oppi F., Poda R., Giorgio A., Testa C., Manners D.N., Avoni P., Gramegna L.L., De Stefano N., Lodi R., Tonon C, & Liguori R. (2016). Relationship of white and gray matter abnormalities to clinical and genetic features in myotonic dystrophy type 1. NeuroImage : Clinical, 11, 678-685.

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Brain Lesion Mapping Using Advanced Imaging

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Brain lesions were assessed using T1-weighted MRI scans obtained with a 1.5-T General Electric Signa scanner with a 3D SPGR sequence yielding 1.5–1.7 mm contiguous coronal slices and reconstructed in 3D with Brainvox. In participants with MRI contraindications, brain images were acquired with computerized axial tomography (CT). Relatively few participants had CT scans (14 out of 129). Of the 14 participants with CT scans, only seven had lesions in the left hemisphere, of which only three included at least partial coverage (10 – 40%) of the left ATL. Participants with CT scans were equally distributed within the deficit/no deficit condition across all five categories (for both naming and recognition).
Lesion delineation and transfer onto a reference brain was performed interactively by an expert anatomist (HD) using the MAP3 approach (Frank et al., 1997 (link); Fiez et al., 2000 (link); Damasio et al., 2004 (link)). MAP3 has been used to generate lesion overlap maps across a variety of cognitive domains (Tranel et al., 1997 (link), 2001, 2003 (link); Adolphs et al., 2000 (link), 2002 (link); Barrash et al., 2000 (link); Damasio et al., 2004 (link)).

Mehta S., Inoue K., Rudrauf D., Damasio H., Tranel D, & Grabowski T. (2015). Segregation of anterior temporal regions critical for retrieving names of unique and nonunique entities reflects underlying long-range connectivity. Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior, 75, 1-19.

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Volumetric Segmentation of Neuroanatomic MRI

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T1-weighted neuroanatomic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was acquired using three-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled echo in the steady state on a 1.5-T General Electric Signa scanner (Milwaukee, WI). Imaging parameters are given in the Supplementary Methods 1). Cerebral cortical, cerebellar and deep structure (caudate, putamen, thalamus) reconstruction and volumetric segmentation were performed using FreeSurfer version 5.3.0 (http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/). All segmentations were inspected by two raters; images on fourteen pairs of twins passed this quality control. As the brain volumes were correlated, we calculated the effective number of independent tests to which the actual tests performed were equivalent^{23 (link)} and set significance at P <0.007 (0.05/7.18, the number of effective tests).

Chen Y.C., Sudre G., Sharp W., Donovan F., Chandrasekharappa S.C., Hansen N., Elnitski L, & Shaw P. (2017). Neuroanatomic, epigenetic, and genetic differences in monozygotic twins discordant for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Molecular psychiatry, 23(3), 683-690.

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Multimodal MRI Imaging Protocol

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CE-MRI images were obtained with one of two scanners as part of the participant’s clinical standard of care. One scanner was a 1.5 T SIGNA scanner (GE Healthcare, Chicago, Illinois) using the following pulse sequences: 3-plane single-shot fast spin echo (SSFSE), coronal SSFSE, axial SSFSE, axial liver acquisition with volume acceleration flex, fast recovery fast spin echo array coil special sensitivity encoding, diffusion-weighted imaging, and fast imaging employing steady state. The other scanner was a 1.5 T Philips Achieve scanner (Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands) using the following pulse sequences: axial SSFSE, balanced fast field echo, dual fast field echo, pre-contrast axial T1 high-resolution isotropic volume examination (THRIVE), arterial phase axial THRIVE, and venous phase axial THRIVE. Gadavist (Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany) gadolinium contrast agent was generally employed at a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg (approximately 7–10 mL), but occasionally titrated due to compromised renal function or BMI.

Polikoff A., Wessner C.E., Balasubramanya R., Dulka S., Liu J.B., Machado P., Savsani E., Lyshchik A., Shaw C.M, & Eisenbrey J.R. (2021). Imaging appearance of residual HCC following incomplete trans-arterial chemoembolization on contrast-enhanced imaging. Abdominal radiology (New York), 47(1), 152-160.

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Quantifying Adipose Tissue Compartments via MRI

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IP and OP images were obtained with a 1.5 T scanner using an axial T1-weighted fast spin-echo image acquisition (General Electric Signa scanner, Milwaukee, WI, USA). Transverse slices were taken from the xiphoid process to the femoral heads. The legs and knees were strapped to prevent muscle spasms. Participants were asked to hold their breath to reduce artifact [8 (link)]. Parameters were as follows: repetition time, 140 ms; echo time, 4.3 ms (IP), 2 ms (OP); flip angle, 80°; field of view, 42 cm; slice thickness, 0.8 cm; interslice space, 1.2 cm [8 (link)]. MRI data was not available for one participant, so only metabolic and lipid data were analyzed for this individual.
Images were sequenced anatomically and analyzed using specialized imaging software for MRI analysis (Win Vessel 2, Ronald Meyer, MSU, MI, USA). Calculation of VAT and SAT has been detailed previously [10 (link)]. Briefly, an experienced technician manually traced regions of interest using segmentation and signal intensity to identify the fat and nonfat tissue. Trunk cross-sectional area (CSA) refers to SAT and VAT, in addition to other nonfat compartments such as bone and organs.

Rankin K.C., O'Brien L.C., Segal L., Khan M.R, & Gorgey A.S. (2017). Liver Adiposity and Metabolic Profile in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. BioMed Research International, 2017, 1364818.

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MRI Neuroimaging Protocol for Brain Analysis

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Participants were scanned on a 3 Tesla (T) General Electric SIGNA scanner (GE Healthcare, General Electric Company, Waukesha, WI) using an eight‐channel radiofrequency receive head coil contained within a quadrature transmit coil (Nova Medical, Inc., Wilmington, MA). We performed structural MRI (FLAIR and T₁) sequences, similar to those performed during routine MRI. Specifically, we performed two‐dimensional FLAIR with axial slices covering the whole brain (repetition time [TR] = 8,000.0 ms, echo time [TE] = 120.0 ms, field of view [FOV] = 220 × 220 mm2, matrix size of 512 × 512, and spatial resolution of 0.43 × 0.43 × 5.00 mm³) and three‐dimensional inversion recovery spoiled gradient echo T₁‐weighted MRI with 158 axial slices (TR = 6.0 ms, TE = 2.0 ms, FOV = 220 × 220 mm², matrix size of 256 × 256, flip angle = 5 degrees, and spatial resolution of 0.86 × 0.86 × 1.00 mm³).

Linortner P., McDaniel C., Shahid M., Levine T.F., Tian L., Cholerton B, & Poston K.L. (2020). White Matter Hyperintensities Related to Parkinson's Disease Executive Function. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice, 7(6), 629-638.

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