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Catwalk automated gait analysis system

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The Catwalk automated gait analysis system is a lab equipment product designed to provide objective and quantitative data on animal gait and locomotion. The system utilizes cameras and specialized software to track and analyze the movement patterns of small laboratory animals such as rodents. The core function of the Catwalk system is to capture and process gait-related parameters, including but not limited to, stride length, step patterns, and weight distribution.

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Catwalk xt, by Noldus (3 mentions) Catwalk xt 10, by Noldus (1 mentions)

12 protocols using catwalk automated gait analysis system

1

Automated Gait Analysis in Mice

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CatWalk automated gait analysis system (Noldus Information Technology) was used to analyze gait. Mice were expected to run along a special glass plate with a green LED lit and a high-speed video camera under it. Their paws were captured by the camera. Before the formal experiments, the mice were habituated in the plate to achieve an unforced locomotion. Three compliant runs without stopping, changing direction, and turning around were analyzed with CatWalk Software. Relevant data were generated by CatWalk Software after each footprint was checked manually. Data including stride length, swing speed, and normal step sequence radio were analyzed.
Ding P., Gao C., Gao Y., Liu D., Li H., Xu J., Chen X., Huang Y., Zhang C., Zheng M, & Gao J. (2022). Osteocytes regulate senescence of bone and bone marrow. eLife, 11, e81480.
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2

Gait Analysis in Freely Moving Mice

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Gait analysis is used to assess neurological and neuromuscular functions by detecting walking parameters in freely moving mice99 . Before the test, the mice were place in the testing room without interference and light for 1 h to adapt. Each mouse was put on the left initial terminal and trained to voluntarily walk along the glass track to the other side. Based on optical technology from the Catwalk Automated Gait Analysis System (Noldus Information Technology, Wageningen, Netherlands), three correct runs were recorded for each animal and the associated gait parameters were analysed using CatWalk XT version 10.6.
Fan S., Yan Y., Xia Y., Zhou Z., Luo L., Zhu M., Han Y., Yao D., Zhang L., Fang M., Peng L., Yu J., Liu Y., Gao X., Guan H., Li H., Wang C., Wu X., Zhu H., Cao Y, & Huang C. (2023). Pregnane X receptor agonist nomilin extends lifespan and healthspan in preclinical models through detoxification functions. Nature Communications, 14, 3368.
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3

Automated Gait Analysis for Joint Pain

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The Catwalk automated gait analysis system (Noldus Information Technology, The Netherlands) was used for the evaluation of joint pain. In brief, each rat walked freely on a glass lit by green lights, and the paw prints were digitized accordingly. The process was recorded with a video camera, and the related data were collected and analyzed using the matching program software (Noldus, CatWalk XT version 10.6.608).
Jiang Z., Zhang Z., Li S., Lin S, & Yuan H. (2022). Magnetically Guided Intracartilaginous Delivery of Kartogenin Improves Stem Cell-Targeted Degenerative Arthritis Therapy. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 17, 5511-5524.
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4

Automated Gait Analysis of mSOD1 Mice

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Gait analysis was performed using the CatWalk Automated Gait Analysis System (Noldus Information Technology, Leesburg, VA, USA; software version XT 9.1). Mice were tested once every other day, using the same procedures and criteria as previously described (Batka et al., 2014). Testing began at 51 days of age and continued until individual mSOD1 mice were unable to generate compliant runs and were subsequently retired. The first mSOD1 mouse was retired from CatWalk as early as 109 days of age and the last set of mice were tested at 153 days of age. After testing at 75 days of age, we experienced a failure of one of the light components on the apparatus, which was replaced within five days, however, there was no data regarding CatWalk collection performed on the two testing days corresponding to 77 and 79 days of age.
Haulcomb M.M., Meadows R.M., Miller W.M., McMillan K.P., Hilsmeyer M.J., Wang X., Beaulieu W.T., Dickinson S.L., Brown T.J., Sanders V.M, & Jones K.J. (2017). Locomotor analysis identifies early compensatory changes during disease progression and subgroup classification in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neural Regeneration Research, 12(10), 1664-1679.
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5

Automated Gait Analysis in Ischemic Mice

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The CatWalk automated gait analysis system (Noldus Information Technology, Wageningen, Netherlands) was used to assess gait and locomotor parameters post-ischemia. Mice were tested in a dimmed room (< 20 lx of illumination). For the assessment, an enclosed glass walkway (9 × 60 cm) was illuminated with a green, internally reflected light. 40 cm below the walkway, a high-speed camera captured the green light, reflected by the paws upon glass contact, and transformed it into a digital image [21 ]. The intensity threshold was set to 0.11, the camera gain was set to 18, and the maximum allowed speed variation was set to 50%. The mice walked spontaneously at their own speed and only uninterrupted runs were saved for analysis. The animals were trained twice before the BL recording on the day before pMCAo surgery. All mice underwent CatWalk testing at 7 and 14 dpi.
Kolosowska N., Keuters M.H., Wojciechowski S., Keksa-Goldsteine V., Laine M., Malm T., Goldsteins G., Koistinaho J, & Dhungana H. (2019). Peripheral Administration of IL-13 Induces Anti-inflammatory Microglial/Macrophage Responses and Provides Neuroprotection in Ischemic Stroke. Neurotherapeutics, 16(4), 1304-1319.
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6

Automated Gait Analysis in Mice

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The Catwalk automated gait analysis system (Noldus, Wageningen, Netherlands) was used to assess the gait and motor coordination in wild type (wt), 4.1B KO, WKO and dKO animals at two and six months of age. The apparatus consists of a glass plate walkway with a fluorescent light beaming into the glass from the side. As the mouse crosses the walkway fluorescent light illuminates the animal’s paws and when the paw touches the glass a bright print image of it is being produced (Hamers et al., 2001 (link)). Catwalk XT 10.6 software (Noldus, Wageningen, The Netherlands) was used to record and process the position of footprints allowing quantitative analysis of gait. All mice were trained to cross the walkway for at least three times a day over four successive days. On the final day of acquisition, data were collected from three replicate crossings by each mouse on day 5. A successful run was defined as animal crosses the runway without any interruption. The following parameters were quantified: run average speed (cm/s), base of support for front and hind paws (cm), mean of the footprint’s maximal intensity for each paw, stride length (cm).
Saifetiarova J, & Bhat M.A. (2018). Ablation of Cytoskeletal Scaffolding Proteins, Band 4.1B and Whirlin, Leads to Cerebellar Purkinje Axon Pathology and Motor Dysfunction. Journal of neuroscience research, 97(3), 313-331.
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7

Automated Gait Analysis in Mice

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Animals were subjected to gait analysis using the CatWalk Automated Gait Analysis System (Noldus Information Technology, Leesburg, VA) and software version XT 9.1. Gait analysis was performed in mice pre-operatively (baseline) as well as 5 and 10 days after surgery. Each animal completed three runs (n = 3).19 Compliant runs for each animal were set for a maximum time of 10 seconds necessary to complete a defined path length, with a maximum variation in speed up to 60%.
Minarelli J., Davis E.L., Dickerson A., Moore W.C., Mejia J.A., Gugala Z., Olmsted-Davis E.A, & Davis A.R. (2019). Characterization of neuromas in peripheral nerves and their effects on heterotopic bone formation. Molecular Pain, 15, 1744806919838191.
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8

Automated Gait Analysis of Rodents

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Gait analysis was performed using the CatWalk Automated Gait Analysis System (Noldus Information Technology; software version XT 9.1). All data acquisition were completed in a dark, silent room. A general explanation of the system is provided here, but detailed descriptions can be found in Hamers et al. 2001 (link) and Hamers et al. 2006 (link). The CatWalk apparatus consists of a glass plate, suspended approximately 1-m parallel to the floor. Green LEDs illuminate the glass plate; however, light above background is only visible when contact is made with the glass. Resting perpendicular to the glass plate are two black plastic panels that create a corridor along the length of the plate, called the “runway.” Above the runway is a lid containing dim red LED lights which create a silhouette of the animal as viewed from the animal’s underside. Below the glass plate is a high-speed camera that records the scattered-light paw prints as the mouse crosses the runway (each crossing is referred to as a run). The software digitizes the paw print information and, following manual and automatic classification of the paw prints, produces over 355 variables into eight broad categories (Supporting Information Video 1).
Batka R.J., Brown T.J., Mcmillan K.P., Meadows R.M., Jones K.J, & Haulcomb M.M. (2014). The Need for Speed in Rodent Locomotion Analyses. Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007), 297(10), 1839-1864.
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9

Automated Gait Analysis in Ischemic Stroke

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The CatWalk automated gait analysis system (Noldus Information Technology, Wageningen, Netherlands) is commonly used to assess gait and locomotor parameters following ischemia and was adapted according to previous studies [25, 29, 30] . The animal training and testing sessions were performed in a dimmed room (< 20 lx of illumination). For the assessment, an enclosed glass walkway (9 × 60 cm) was illuminated with a green, internally reflected light. A high-speed camera was placed 40 cm below the glass walkway to capture the green light reflected by the paws upon glass contact and transformed it into a digital image. The intensity threshold was set to 0.11/ 0.12 (average to match mice of differing weights) and the camera gain was set to 18; the maximum allowed speed variation was set to 50%. For a successful run, each mouse had to walk spontaneously at its own speed without interruption. A minimum of three uninterrupted runs per mouse was saved. The animals underwent two training sessions, one under normal light and one in dimmed light. Baseline (BL) recording was performed on the day before ischemic stroke surgery. All mice (i.c.v. VEGF-C/ Ctrl -14 dpi) underwent CatWalk testing at seven dpi blinded to the treatment groups.
Keuters M.H., Antila S., Immonen R., Plotnikova L., Wojciechowski S., Lehtonen S., Alitalo K., Koistinaho J, & Dhungana H. (2024). The Impact of VEGF-C-Induced Dural Lymphatic Vessel Growth on Ischemic Stroke Pathology. Translational stroke research.
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10

Automated Gait Analysis in Rats

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The Catwalk-gait test was performed using the Catwalk automated gait analysis system (Noldus Information Technology, Wageningen, Netherlands). Rats walked freely on a glass floor lit by green light, and the position of the rat footprints was recorded by a high-speed video camera. The recorded data were analysed using catwalk program software (Noldus, CatWalk XT version 10.6.608).
Jiang Z., Qi G., Lu W., Wang H., Li D., Chen W., Ding L., Yang X., Yuan H, & Zeng Q. (2022). Omaveloxolone inhibits IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis through the Nrf2/ARE and NF-κB signalling pathways in vitro and attenuates osteoarthritis in vivo. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 952950.
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