Atorvastatin calcium, Mevalonic acid, GGPP, FPP, Propidium iodide (PI) and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was from Amresco (Solon, OH, USA). 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1, 1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazole-carbocyanide iodine (JC-1) and cell mitochondria isolation kit were obtained from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit, as well as antibodies against p-pRb (S780) (1:1,000), p27 (1:1,000) and cyclinD1 (1:1,000) were from BD Biosciences Pharmingen (San Jose, CA, USA). Antibodies against pRb (1:1,000), cyclinB1 (1:2,000), cdc2 (1:1,000), caspase-3 (1:1,000), caspase-9 (1:1,000), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) (1:1,000), Cytochrome c (1:1,000), YAP (1:1,000), p-YAP (Ser127) (1:1,000), Rho A (1:1,000), β-actin (1:1,000), anti-mouse (1:2,000), anti-rabbit HRP-conjugated and anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:2,000) were from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Antibodies against Bcl-2 (1:1,000), Bax (1:1,000) and Lamin B (1:500) were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).
Atorvastatin calcium
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Atorvastatin calcium is a laboratory reagent used in the pharmaceutical and research industries. It is a synthetic lipid-lowering agent that inhibits the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which is involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. Atorvastatin calcium is commonly used in research and development processes related to the development and testing of cholesterol-lowering medications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Cytochrome c, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
3 4 5 dimethyl 2 thiazolyl 2 5 diphenyl 2h tetrazolium bromide mtt, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Cyclin d1, by BD (1 mentions)
Poly adp ribose polymerase parp, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
P yap ser127, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Antibodies against bcl 2, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions)
Caspase 3, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Cyclin b1, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Mevalonic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Caspase 9, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
β actin, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Propidium iodide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 7 dichlorofluorescein diacetate dcfh da, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fitc annexin 5 apoptosis detection kit, by BD (1 mentions)
Cell mitochondria isolation kit, by Beyotime (1 mentions)
14 protocols using atorvastatin calcium
1
Atorvastatin Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Cancer Cells
2
Quantification of Atorvastatin and Metformin
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Atorvastatin calcium (≥98%), sterile tissue culture water, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methanol, and HPLC grade acetonitrile and formic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States). Metformin HCl 850 (> 99%; Sandoz SA Pty Ltd.) was purchased from MKEM Pharmacy (Bellville, South Africa).
3
Hypertriacylglycerolemic Rats: Atorvastatin and Rutin Therapy
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Prague hereditary hypertriacylglycerolemic rats (HTG, n = 30) from the Department of Toxicology and Breeding of Laboratory Animals, Dobrá Voda of the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences (IEPT CEM SAS) were used for experiments. At the beginning of the experiment, the animals were 12 weeks old. The experiments were approved by the State Veterinary and Food Administration of the Slovak Republic and the Ethical Committee of IEPT CEM SAS. The animals had food and water ad libitum and light/dark cycle 12/12 (12 h of dark, 12 h of light). Animals were divided into three experimental groups (n = 10 rats/group) and fed 13 weeks with modified diet (high-fat-high-fructose diet; HFFD). Pellets of modified diet contained 1% cholesterol, 7.5% pork lard and 10% fructose. After 13 weeks, the animals in all three groups had changed the HFFD diet to standard diet and two groups of them received the drug treatment for next 5 weeks. Atorvastatin (Atorvastatin calcium, Sigma-Aldrich) was administered at the dose of 50 mg/kg (HTG-HFFD-A, n = 10 rats) and rutin (Rutin hydrate, Sigma-Aldrich) at the dose of 100 mg/kg rutin (HTG-HFFD-R, n = 10 rats). Drugs were dissolved in methylcellulose and administered once a day by gavage in volume 0.2 ml/100 g of rat body weight. Untreated group received the same amount of methylcellulose.
4
Atorvastatin Mitigates Hyperhomocysteinemia
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Fifty-four male and female C57Bl6/J mice were purchased from Jackson Laboratory and aged to 6 months before being placed on a diet deficient in vitamins B6, B9 and B12 and enriched in methionine (HHcy diet; n = 8F, 7M; TD.130867, Envigo, Indianapolis, IN) or a diet with normal levels of B vitamins and methionine (control diet; n = 6F, 6F; TD.01636, Envigo) with or without Atorvastatin (HHcy + ATO; n = 8F, 7M; TD.200023; control + ATO; n = 5F, 7M; TD.200022, Envigo) for 14 weeks. Atorvastatin calcium was obtained from Sigma (cat no: PHR1422, St. Louis, MO) and 100 ppm were added to each diet so that the mice were dosed with 20 mg/kg/day, which, based on the body surface area normalization method, equates to an intermediate dosage used in humans [17 (link)–19 (link)]. This study was approved by the University of Kentucky Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and conformed to the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Animals in Research.
5
Atorvastatin Calcium Quantification Protocol
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Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, average molecular weight ~1,300,000), formic acid, ethyl alcohol (≥99.5%) sodium chloride (≥99.5%), sodium phosphate dibasic (≥99.0%), potassium chloride (99.0–100.5%), and potassium phosphate monobasic (≥99.0%), hydrochloric acid HCl (36.5–38.0%), atorvastatin calcium was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetonitrile was obtained from PanReac AppliChem ITW Reagents (Barcelona, Spain), while nifedipine was purchased from Biosynth Carbosynth (Compton, UK). Deionized water was generated through Milli Q, Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA) and has been used throughout the study. Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was prepared by mixing 8 g NaCl, 0.2 g KCl, 0.24 g KH₂PO₄, and 1.44 g Na₂HPO₄ in 1 L of distilled water, and the pH was adjusted to 7 using 5M HCL.
6
Yeast Strain Maintenance and Selection
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The S. cerevisiae strains used in this study are described in Table S5 in the supplemental material. Stocks were stored at −80°C in 15% glycerol. Strains that contained the URA3_CEN plasmid were grown on agar with 1 mg/mL of 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA) (Kaixuan Chemical Co.) to select for uracil auxotrophs before construction of the query strains. Gene deletion libraries were maintained in synthetic complete (SC), synthetic dropout (SD), enriched sporulation, or yeast-peptone-dextrose agar as previously described (89 ). The media and solutions used included agar, amino acids, peptone, yeast extract, yeast nitrogen base (Formedium), ampicillin, atorvastatin calcium, glucose, monosodium glutamate, potassium acetate (Sigma-Aldrich), Geneticin sulfate, l -canavanine sulfate, S-aminoethyl-l -cysteine hydrochloride (thyalisine) (Carbosynth), nourseothricin sulfate (Werner BioAgents), and hygromycin B (Life Technologies). All antibiotics and supplement stocks were filter sterilized with 22-μm-pore filters (Jet Biofil).
7
Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Pharmacological Agents
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Doxorubicin (DOX), Valproic Acid (VPA), Acetaminophen (APAP), 3-Acetamidophenol (AMAP) and Atorvastatin calcium (ATR), Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO), Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) (all purchased from Sigma). PDMS, Paraformaldehyde (PFA) (Electron Microscope Sciences), Donkey Serum (DS) (S30, Millipore), Collagen type-I from Rat tail (A10483-01, Gibco) was diluted to 60 μL/mL with 0.02 M Acetic acid (Sigma) in 1X PBS, and Fibronectin (FC010, Millipore) was diluted to 50 μg/mL in 1X PBS. Laminin was diluted to 3.3–4 μg/mL in mQ water.
8
Atorvastatin Quantification in Porcine Intestine
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Gibco BenchStable DMEM/F12, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), 2-methylbutane 99+% extra pure, LC-Grade methanol, LC-Grade acetonitrile (ACN), and acetone were purchased from Fisher Scientific Ltd. (Loughborough, UK). Atorvastatin calcium, α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (α-CHCA) and 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Dorset, UK). The deuterated internal standard, Atorvastatin-(anilide ring-d5) calcium salt was purchased from Merck Life Sciences (Dorset, UK). Formic acid 98% was purchased from Scientific Laboratory Supplies (Nottingham, UK). In total, 18.2 MΩ × cm water was collected from an ELGA water purification system (Buckinghamshire, UK). Cryo-M-Bed was purchased from VWR International Ltd. (Lutterworth, UK). Porcine small intestine was provided by R.B Elliott & Son (Chesterfield, UK). Super refined Polysorbate (80) LQ was donated by CRODA (New Castle, DE, USA).
9
Autophagy Regulation in Cancer Cells
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Anti-ATG5 (C-1; cat. no. sc-133158; 1:500), anti-MAP-LC3-β (G-9; cat. no. sc-376404; 1:500) and anti-sequesteome 1 (SQSTM1; D-3; cat. no. SC-28359; 1:500) primary antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Anti-β-actin (ACTB; cat. no. 100166-MM10; 1:500) primary antibody was obtained from Sino Biological, Inc., and the anti-clathrin primary antibody was obtained from Covance, Inc. The PCR primers were synthesized by Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. Atorvastatin calcium was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck KGaA). Rapamycin and bortezomib were purchased from LC Laboratories. Chloroquine was obtained from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. EGF was obtained from PeproTech, Inc., and docetaxel from Absin Bioscience Inc. Valproic acid (VPA), brefeldin A, tunicamycin and thapsigargin were obtained from APeXBIO Technology LLC. The Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit (cat. no. AD10) was purchased from Dojindo Molecular Technologies, Inc. All cancer cell lines were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection.
10
Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Atorvastatin
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Atorvastatin calcium, Sulforhodamine-B (SRB), and mannitol were obtained from Sigma Aldrich, USA. Methanol, ethanol, and acetonitrile obtained from Thermo-Fisher, Europe. A cell line for non-small lung cancer (A549), cell culture materials, and WST kits were obtained from Corning, USA.
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