Aflatoxin B1, B2 G1 and G2, were purchased from Supelco (Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, USA), apigenin (>99%), luteolin (>97%), rutin hydrate (>94%), quercetin dehydrate (>98%), octadecanoic acid (>98.5%), glutamic acid, myristoleic acid, tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, (Z)-9-hexadecenoic acid, linoleic acid, (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid, octadecanoic acid, (Z,Z)-9,12-0ctadecadienoic acid, oleic acid, eicosanoic acid and amino acid standard solution (AAS 18) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Chemie GmbH Munich, Germany).
Octadecanoic acid
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
Octadecanoic acid is a long-chain fatty acid commonly used in various laboratory applications. It is a white, waxy solid at room temperature with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)16COOH. Octadecanoic acid is a core component in the formulation and preparation of various laboratory samples and reagents, but a detailed description of its intended use is not provided to maintain an unbiased and factual approach.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Tetradecanoic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Hexadecanoic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Oleic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Myristoleic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Linoleic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Decanoic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Quercetin dehydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Glutamic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Eicosanoic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Rutin hydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Z 9 hexadecenoic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Z 9 octadecenoic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Amino acid standard solution aas 18, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Apigenin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Luteolin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dodecanoic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Butylated hydroxytoluene, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Propanoic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Butanoic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Polyethylene glycol 1500, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
11 protocols using octadecanoic acid
1
Quantification of Mycotoxins and Phytochemicals
2
Profiling Aflatoxins and Fatty Acids
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Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 were purchased from Supelco (Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, USA), apigenin (≥ 99%), luteolin (≥ 97%), rutin hydrate (≥ 94%) quercetin dehydrate (≥ 98%), octadecanoic acid (≥ 98.5%), glutamic acid, myristoleic acid, tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, (Z)-9-hexadecenoic acid, linoleic acid, (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid, octadecanoic acid, (Z, Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid, oleic acid, eicosanoic acid and amino acid standard solution (AAS 18) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Chemie GmbH, Munich, Germany).
3
Analytical Standards for Mass Spectrometry
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Methanol (99.9% Chromasolv) was obtained from Fluka (Sigma-Aldrich Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark), acetonitrile (LC-MS Chromasolv) was from Riedel-de-Haën (Sigma-Aldrich Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark) and water was Milli-Q-filtered water (Elga, Krüger Aquacare, Glostrup, Denmark). Ammonium acetate (99.999 trace metal basis), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (>99 %, matrix substance for MALDI-MS), dextran (MW ~ 6000), and polyethylene glycol 1500 were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA).The following authentic standards were used: tetramethoxysilane, trimethoxymethylsilane, trimethoxyoctylsilane, hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, octamethylcyclotetra- siloxane, 2-pyrrolidone, tetradecanoic acid methyl ester, pentadecanoic acid methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, octadecanoic acid methyl ester, tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and octadecanoic acid (all >99% purity; Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA). Alkyltrimethylammonium chloride with C16 (>98%) and C18 (>95%) alkyl chains, dimethyldialkylammonium chlorides or bromides with C14 (>97%), C16 (97%) and C18 (>97%) alkyl chains, and benzalkonium chloride with a C12 alkyl chain were also obtained from Sigma Aldrich.
4
Stable Vesicle Formation via Amphiphilic Mixtures
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The choice of amphiphiles was driven by two motivations: (i) to focus on simple chemical structures which could easily develop in a hydrothermal system; and (ii) to allow for the formation of vesicles which are stable at high temperatures, at a broad pH range, and in the presence of bivalent cations. For the two latter conditions, T. Namani and D. Deamer have proposed a mixture of long chain amines with long chain fatty acids [29 (link)] which are accessible by Fischer-Tropsch chemistry [4 (link)]. In order to improve temperature stability, C18 chains have been chosen for both components. Accordingly, octadecylamine (GC purity ≥ 99.0%) and octadecanoic acid (GC purity ≥ 94.5%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Both amphiphiles are being used in a 1:1 mass ratio.
5
Comprehensive Analysis of Plant Compounds
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The synthetic standards including (1R)-(+)-α-pinene, (-)-β-pinene, β-myrcene, (S)-(-)-limonene, linalool, octanal, nonanal, decanal, benzaldehyde, butylated hydroxytoluene, methyl benzoate, (-)-bornyl acetate, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, geranyl acetone, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, (+)-longifolene, caryophyllene oxide, (E)–β-caryophyllene, undecane, dodecane, pentadecane, hexadecane and quercetin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (>98% purity).
6
Lipid Standards for Mass Spectrometry
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Sulfatide (ST) standards (d18:1/C24:1 and
d18:1/C24:0) and bovine brain total lipid extract were obtained from
Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Alabaster, AL). Octadecanoic acid (stearic
acid, C18:0), 9Z-octadecenoic acid (oleic acid, C18:1
(9Z)), 9Z,12Z-octadecadienoic
acid (linoleic acid, C18:2 (9Z,12Z)), tetracosanoic acid (lignoceric acid, C24:0), 15Z-tetracosenoic acid (nervonic acid, C24:1 (15Z)),
and primuline were from Sigma Chemical Co (St. Louis, MO). Further
details are in theSupporting Information .
d18:1/C24:0) and bovine brain total lipid extract were obtained from
Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Alabaster, AL). Octadecanoic acid (stearic
acid, C18:0), 9Z-octadecenoic acid (oleic acid, C18:1
(9Z)), 9Z,12Z-octadecadienoic
acid (linoleic acid, C18:2 (9Z,12Z)), tetracosanoic acid (lignoceric acid, C24:0), 15Z-tetracosenoic acid (nervonic acid, C24:1 (15Z)),
and primuline were from Sigma Chemical Co (St. Louis, MO). Further
details are in the
7
Characterization of Synthetic Alkanes and Organic Compounds
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Synthetic standards of alkanes (analytical grade ≥98% purity) were purchased from EAD Milliore Corporation, Burlington, MA, USA. A mixture of the alkanes from C6–C32 was prepared for the identification of the different alkanes. Formic acid (≥98%), acetic acid (≥99.8%), propanoic acid (≥99.5%), butanoic acid (≥99%), nonanoic acid (≥97%), decanoic acid (≥98%), hexadecanoic acid (≥99%), octadecanoic acid (≥98.5%), squalene (≥98%), cholesterol (≥99%), styrene (≥99%), acetaldehyde (≥99.5%), hexanal (≥97%), heptanal (≥95%), p-cymene (≥97%), and caryophyllene (≥97%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
8
Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds
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Dichloromethane (99% purity), N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroa cetamide (99% purity), trimethylchlorosilane (99% purity), pyridine (99% purity), tetracosane (99% purity), stigmasterol (95% purity), octadecanoic acid (99% purity), nonadecan-1-ol (99% purity), gallic acid (purity higher than 97.5%) and Folin-Ciocalteu's phenol reagent were supplied by Sigma Chemical Co. (Madrid, Spain). Isorhamnetin (purity higher than 99%), luteolin (purity higher than 97%), formic acid (purity higher than 98%) and methanol (purity higher than 99.8%) were purchased from Fluka Chemie (Madrid, Spain). Sodium carbonate (99.9% purity) was supplied by Pronalab (Lisbon, Portugal). HPLC-grade methanol, water and acetonitrile were supplied by Fisher Scientific Chemicals (Loures, Portugal) and further filtered using a Solvent Filtration Apparatus 58061 from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA).
9
Identification of Plasticizers and Additives
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All organic solvents (purity more than 99%) such as Ethyl acetate (for LC LiChrosolv®) and n-hexane (GC SupraSolv®) were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). The following standards (purity) were used for identification of predominant peaks: ATBC (98%), DEHA (99%), DiNP (99%), DiDP (99%), DPHP (98%), DEHT (95%), and TOTM (99.5%) were purchased from Accustandard (New Heaven, CT, USA). DINCH (99%) was received from BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). DEHP (≥99%), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT; ≥99%), 2,2,4trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol di-iso-butyrate (TXIB; 98.5%), 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (DTBP; 99%), tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (Irgafos 168, 98%), diisobutyl phthalate (99%), dibutyl phthalate (99%), octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (≥ 99%), benzophenone, 4-phenyl-(99%) and deuterated internal standard (IS) 1,4-Di-benzyl Phthalate-d4 (DBzP-d4; 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Bornem, Belgium).
10
Sensitive Aflatoxin B1 Detection
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AFB1 standard solution, (8 mg•mL -1 solution in methanol and working dilution by deionized water),AFB1-BSA antigen (extent of labeling 8-12 mol Aflatoxin B1 per mol BSA), monoclonal anti-AFB1 antibody, (6 mg•mL -1 solution and working dilution by phosphate buffer solution) was obtained from Beijing Mozhidong Bio-tech (city. Country). Hydrated rare earth nitrate (RECl3•xH2O, RE Y, Yb, Er, ≥ 99.99%), oleic acid (≥ 90%) and octadecanoic acid (≥ 90%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). In addition, FeCl3•6H2O, sodium fluoride, sodium hydroxide, methyl alcohol, toluene, ethyl alcohol, sodium citrate, 1,6-hexanediamine, anhydrous sodium acetate, glycol, bovine serum albumin (BSA, 96-99%),25% glutaraldehyde, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS ≥ 98%), and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTES) was all purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All the chemicals used were of analytical grade. The water used was deionized.
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