Ketoconazole

Manufactured by ICN Biomedicals

Sourced in United States, Australia

Ketoconazole is a pharmaceutical compound used in various laboratory applications. It functions as an antifungal agent by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes. This compound is commonly utilized in research and testing procedures involving fungal organisms.

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Lab products found in correlation

11 protocols using ketoconazole

Lysionotin and Testosterone Characterization

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Lysionotin (≥98%) and testosterone (≥98%) were obtained from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China). The chemical structure of lysionotin is shown in Figure 1. d-Glucose-6-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, corticosterone (≥98%), NADP⁺, phenacetin (≥98%), acetaminophen (≥98%), 4-hydroxymephenytoin (≥98%), 7-hydroxy Coumarin (≥98%), 4′-hydroxy diclofenac (≥98%), sulfaphenazole (≥98%), quinidine (≥98%), tranylcypromine (≥98%), chlorzoxazone (≥98%), 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (≥98%), paclitaxel (≥98%), 6β-hydroxytestosterone (≥98%), clomethiazole (≥98%), and furafylline (≥98%) were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. Montelukast (≥98%) was obtained from Beijing Aleznova Pharmaceutical (Beijing, China). Coumarin (≥98%), diclofenac (≥98%), dextromethorphan (≥98%), and ketoconazole (≥98%) were purchased from ICN Biomedicals. Pooled HLMs were purchased from BD Biosciences Discovery Labware. All other reagents and solvents were of analytical reagent grade.

Li Y., Qin J., Wu H., Xu Y., Zhang L., Su K., Cui Y, & Wang H. (2020). In vitro inhibitory effect of lysionotin on the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Pharmaceutical Biology, 58(1), 695-700.

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Inhibition of Human Liver Enzymes

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Anemarsaponin BII (≥98%) and testosterone (≥98%) were purchased from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China). d-Glucose-6-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, corticosterone (≥98%), NADP⁺, phenacetin (≥98%), acetaminophen (≥98%), 4-hydroxymephenytoin (≥98%), 7-hydroxy Coumarin (≥98%), 4′-hydroxy diclofenac (≥98%), sulfaphenazole (≥98%), quinidine (≥98%), tranylcypromine (≥98%), chlorzoxazone (≥98%), 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (≥98%), paclitaxel (≥98%), 6β-hydroxytestosterone (≥98%), clomethiazole (≥98%) and furafylline (≥98%) were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. Montelukast (≥98%) was obtained from Beijing Aleznova Pharmaceutical (Beijing, China). Coumarin (≥98%), diclofenac (≥98%), dextromethorphan (≥98%), and ketoconazole (≥98%) were purchased from ICN Biomedicals. Pooled HLMs were purchased from BD Biosciences Discovery Labware. All other reagents and solvents were of analytical reagent grade.

Wang M., Jiang W., Zhou J., Xue X, & Yin C. (2020). Anemarsaponin BII inhibits the activity of CYP3A4, 2D6, and 2E1 with human liver microsomes. Pharmaceutical Biology, 58(1), 1064-1069.

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Peucedanol Metabolism Assay Protocol

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Peucedanol (≥98%, Figure 1) and testosterone (≥98%) were purchased from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China). d-Glucose-6-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, corticosterone (≥98%), NADP⁺, phenacetin (≥98%), acetaminophen (≥98%), 4-hydroxymephenytoin (≥98%), 7-hydroxy Coumarin (≥98%), 4′-hydroxy diclofenac (≥98%), sulfaphenazole (≥98%), quinidine (≥98%), tranylcypromine (≥98%), chlorzoxazone (≥98%), 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (≥98%), paclitaxel (≥98%), 6β-hydroxytestosterone (≥98%), clomethiazole (≥98%), and furafylline (≥98%) were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. Montelukast (≥98%) was obtained from Beijing Aleznova Pharmaceutical (Beijing, China). Coumarin (≥98%), diclofenac (≥98%), dextromethorphan (≥98%), and ketoconazole (≥98%) were purchased from ICN Biomedicals. Pooled HLMs were purchased from BD Biosciences Discovery Labware. All other reagents and solvents were of analytical reagent grade.

Zhang C., Li Y., Yin C., Zheng J, & Liu G. (2021). In vitro study on the effect of peucedanol on the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Pharmaceutical Biology, 59(1), 935-940.

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Characterization of Cornin and Testosterone

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Cornin (≥ 98%, Fig. 1) and testosterone (≥ 98%) were purchased from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China). D-glucose-6-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 4′-hydroxy diclofenac (≥ 98%), 4-hydroxymephenytoin (≥ 98%),NADP+, phenacetin (≥ 98%), acetaminophen (≥ 98%), 6β-hydroxytestosterone (≥ 98%), corticosterone (≥ 98%), 7-hydroxy Coumarin (≥ 98%), sulfaphenazole (≥ 98%), tranylcypromine (≥ 98%), chlorzoxazone (≥ 98%), quinidine (≥ 98%), 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (≥ 98%), paclitaxel (≥ 98%), clomethiazole (≥ 98%), and furafylline (≥ 98%) were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. Montelukast (≥ 98%) was obtained from Beijing Aleznova Pharmaceutical (Beijing, China). Coumarin (≥ 98%), dextromethorphan (≥ 98%), diclofenac (≥ 98%), and ketoconazole (≥ 98%) were purchased from ICN Biomedicals. Pooled HLMs were purchased from BD Biosciences Discovery Labware. All other reagents and solvents were of analytical reagent grade.
Fig. 1

The chemical structure of cornin

Zhang Q., Qu Z., Zhou Y., Zhou J., Yang J., Li S., Xu Q, & Zhou X. (2021). In vitro study on the effect of cornin on the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 21, 138.

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Detailed Cytochrome P450 Inhibition Assay

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Kaempferitrin (≥98%) and testosterone (≥98%) were obtained from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China). d-Glucose-6-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NADP⁺, phenacetin (≥98%), acetaminophen (≥98%), 4-hydroxymephenytoin (≥98%), 7-hydroxy Coumarin (≥98%), 4′-hydroxy diclofenac (≥98%), sulfaphenazole (≥98%), quinidine (≥98%), tranylcypromine (≥98%), chlorzoxazone (≥98%), 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (≥98%), paclitaxel (≥98%), 6β-hydroxytestosterone (≥98%), clomethiazole (≥98%), and furafylline (≥98%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Montelukast (≥98%) was obtained from Beijing Aleznova Pharmaceutical (Beijing, China). Coumarin (≥98%), diclofenac (≥98%), dextromethorphan (≥98%), and ketoconazole (≥98%) were purchased from ICN Biomedicals (Aurora, Ohio, USA). Pooled HLMs (452161) were purchased from BD Biosciences Discovery Labware (North Carolina, USA). All other reagents and solvents were of analytical reagent grade.

Zhang N., Liu J., Chen Z, & Dou W. (2019). In vitro inhibitory effects of kaempferitrin on human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes. Pharmaceutical Biology, 57(1), 571-576.

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Characterization of Drug Metabolic Enzymes

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Bergenin (≥98%) and testosterone (≥98%) were obtained from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China). d-Glucose-6-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, corticosterone (≥98%), NADP⁺, phenacetin (≥98%), acetaminophen (≥98%), 4-hydroxymephenytoin (≥98%), 7-hydroxy Coumarin (≥98%), 4′-hydroxy diclofenac (≥98%), sulphaphenazole (≥98%), quinidine (≥98%), tranylcypromine (≥98%), chlorzoxazone (≥98%), 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (≥98%), paclitaxel (≥98%), 6β-hydroxytestosterone (≥98%), clomethiazole (≥98%) and furafylline (≥98%) were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO). Montelukast (≥98%) was obtained from Beijing Aleznova Pharmaceutical (Beijing, China). Coumarin (≥98%), diclofenac (≥98%), dextromethorphan (≥98%) and ketoconazole (≥98%) were purchased from ICN Biomedicals (Aurora, OH). Pooled HLMs were purchased from BD Biosciences Discovery Labware (Bedford, MD). All other reagents and solvents were of analytical reagent grade.

Dong G., Zhou Y, & Song X. (2018). In vitro inhibitory effects of bergenin on human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes. Pharmaceutical Biology, 56(1), 620-625.

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Enzyme Inhibition Assay Protocol

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CEP (≥98%) and testosterone (≥98%) were obtained from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China). The chemical structure of CEP is shown in Figure 1. D-Glucose-6-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, corticosterone (≥98%), NADP⁺, phenacetin (≥98%), acetaminophen (≥98%), 4-hydroxymephenytoin (≥98%), 7-hydroxy Coumarin (≥98%), 4′-hydroxy diclofenac (≥98%), sulfaphenazole (≥98%), quinidine (≥98%), tranylcypromine (≥98%), chlorzoxazone (≥98%), 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (≥98%), paclitaxel (≥98%), 6β-hydroxytestosterone (≥98%), clomethiazole (≥98%) and furafylline (≥98%) were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. Montelukast (≥98%) was obtained from Beijing Aleznova Pharmaceutical (Beijing, China). Coumarin (≥98%), diclofenac (≥98%), dextromethorphan (≥98%) and ketoconazole (≥98%) were purchased from ICN Biomedicals (Orange County, California). Pooled HLMs were purchased from BD Biosciences Discovery Labware (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ). All other reagents and solvents were of analytical reagent grade.

Zhang X., Feng P., Gao X., Wang B., Gou C, & Bian R. (2020). In vitro inhibitory effects of cepharanthine on human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes. Pharmaceutical Biology, 58(1), 247-252.

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Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Assay Reagents

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DHM (≥98%) and testosterone (≥98%) were obtained from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China). The chemical structure of DHM is shown in Figure 1. d-Glucose-6-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, corticosterone (≥98%), NADP⁺, phenacetin (≥98%), acetaminophen (≥98%), 4-hydroxymephenytoin (≥98%), 7-hydroxy Coumarin (≥98%), 4'-hydroxy diclofenac (≥98%), sulphaphenazole (≥98%), quinidine (≥98%), tranylcypromine (≥98%), chlorzoxazone (≥98%), 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (≥98%), paclitaxel (≥98%), 6β-hydroxytestosterone (≥98%), clomethiazole (≥98%) and furafylline (≥98%) were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (Chicago, IL). Montelukast (≥98%) was obtained from Beijing Aleznova Pharmaceutical (Beijing, China). Dextrorphan was purchased from Toronto Research Chemical (North York, Canada). Coumarin (≥98%), diclofenac (≥98%), dextromethorphan (≥98%) and ketoconazole (≥98%) were purchased from ICN Biomedicals (Seven Hills, Australia). 6α-Hydroxypaclitaxel and Pooled HLMs were purchased from BD Biosciences (Woburn, MA). All other reagents and solvents were of analytical reagent grade.

Liu L., Sun S., Rui H, & Li X. (2017). In vitro inhibitory effects of dihydromyricetin on human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes. Pharmaceutical Biology, 55(1), 1868-1874.

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Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Inhibition Assay

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Ganoderic acid A (≥98%) and testosterone (≥98%) were obtained from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China). The chemical structure of GAA is shown in Figure 1. d-Glucose-6-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, corticosterone (≥98%), NADP⁺, phenacetin (≥98%), acetaminophen (≥98%), 4-hydroxymephenytoin (≥98%), 7-hydroxy Coumarin (≥98%), 4′-hydroxy diclofenac (≥98%), sulfaphenazole (≥98%), quinidine (≥98%), tranylcypromine (≥98%), chlorzoxazone (≥98%), 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (≥98%), paclitaxel (≥98%), 6β-hydroxytestosterone (≥98%), clomethiazole (≥98%), and furafylline (≥98%) were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. Montelukast (≥98%) was obtained from Beijing Aleznova Pharmaceutical (Beijing, China). Coumarin (≥98%), diclofenac (≥98%), dextromethorphan (≥98%), and ketoconazole (≥98%) were purchased from ICN Biomedicals. Pooled HLMs were purchased from BD Biosciences Discovery Labware. All other reagents and solvents were of analytical reagent grade.

Xu S., Zhang F., Chen D., Su K., Zhang L, & Jiang R. (2020). In vitro inhibitory effects of ganoderic acid A on human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes. Pharmaceutical Biology, 58(1), 308-313.

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Detailed Characterization of Drug Metabolic Pathways

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Friedelin (≥98%) and testosterone (≥98%) were obtained from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China). d-Glucose-6-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, corticosterone (≥98%), NADP⁺, phenacetin (≥98%), acetaminophen (≥98%), 4-hydroxymephenytoin (≥98%), 7-hydroxy Coumarin (≥98%), 4′-hydroxy diclofenac (≥98%), sulfaphenazole (≥98%), quinidine (≥98%), tranylcypromine (≥98%), chlorzoxazone (≥98%), 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone (≥98%), paclitaxel (≥98%), 6β-hydroxytestosterone (≥98%), clomethiazole (≥98%), and furafylline (≥98%) were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. Montelukast (≥98%) was obtained from Beijing Aleznova Pharmaceutical (Beijing, China). Coumarin (≥98%), diclofenac (≥98%), dextromethorphan (≥98%), and ketoconazole (≥98%) were purchased from ICN Biomedicals. Pooled HLMs were purchased from BD Biosciences Discovery Labware. All other reagents and solvents were of analytical reagent grade.

Wei J., Zhang H, & Zhao Q. (2018). In vitro inhibitory effects of Friedelin on human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes. Pharmaceutical Biology, 56(1), 363-367.

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