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15 protocols using ammonium peroxydisulfate

1

Synthesis of Styrene-based Polymers

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Styrene (>99%) contains 4-tert-butylcatechol as stabilizer, divinylbenzene (DVB, technical grade 80%) contains monomethyl ether hydroquinone as inhibitor, sodium 4-vinylbenzenesulfonate (NaVBS, >90%), ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS, >98%), aluminum oxide (Al2O3, ≥98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Styrene and DVB were passed through aluminum oxide to remove the stabilizer before use. Ethanol and methanol were purchased from Chemical Company (Iasi, Romania) and were used as received. Distilled water was used in all experiments and was obtained from a Lauda Puridest PD 2 R GFL Technology (Lauda-Königshofen, Germany) water-distilled system.
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2

Extraction and Purification of VES

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VES was extracted and purified from unripe pink wax apple fruit (Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merrill and Perry) following the reported procedure [40 (link)]. 1,4-Dithiothreit, acrylamide, aminoguanidine (AG), ammonium peroxydisulfate, D-glucose, ethyl alcohol, ethyl ether, glycine, methanol, MG, pioglitazone hydrochloride (PIO), sodium chloride, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium phosphate dibasic, sulfuric acid, thiourea, tris base, Triton X-100, Tween-20, and urea were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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3

Electrochemical Detection of Antioxidants

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GO was purchased from Xfnano Materials Tech (Nanjing, China). H2O2 was obtained from Damao Chemical Reagent (Tianjin, China). Aniline, potassium hexachloroplatinate (KPtCl6), ammonium peroxydisulfate, ascorbic acid, uric acid, and acetaminophen were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Phosphate buffer (PB, 0.1 M, pH 7.0) was prepared using Na2HPO4 and NaH2PO4. Doubly distilled water was used to prepare all aqueous solutions. All experiments were performed at room temperature.
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4

Fabrication of Graphene-Reinforced Bioactive Scaffold

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PCL pellets (Mn = 80,000 g mol−1), gelatin (porcine skin type A powder), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF; Mn = 270,000 g mol−1), aniline monomer, chitosan (Cs; deacetylation 75–85%), ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS), graphene, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), fetal bovine serum (FBS), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), penicillin–streptomycin, and trypsin–EDTA, dey-engley neutralizing broth (DE), 4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI), all were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. The N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), hydrochloric acid (HCl), glacial acetic acid, trypton soy agar (TSA), paraformaldehyde, Bovine serum albumin (BSA), ethanol, methanol, and acetone were purchased from Merck (Germany). Glutaraldehyde solution (GTA; 50%) was supplied by Beijing Chemical Reagents. Dulbecco′s modified DMEM/F12 was obtained from Gibco Invitrogen. SYBER Green Master Mix (Pluse 2x, High ROX™, Denmark), ZnO with a purity of over 99.5% was purchased from Bonyan Shimi Company, Tehran, Iran. Antibodies (MAP2, Nestin) and PC12 cells were obtained from Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran.
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5

Facile Synthesis of Titanium-based Nanocomposites

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Titanium(iv) isopropoxide (TTIP, 97%) acrylamide (AM, ≥99%), bis-acrylamide (BAM, 99%), ammonium peroxydisulfate (AP, ≥98.0%), 1,2-bis(dimethylamino)ethane (TEMED, 99%), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA, 98–99%), polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenylether (triton X-405, 70%), terephthalic acid (TA, 98%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 97%) and methylene blue (MB, ≥82%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Potassium chloride (KCl, 100%) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were obtained from Fischer. Glacial acetic acid (AA, 100%) was purchased from Labscan. Ethanol (analytical grade), n-hexane (95%), acetone (99.50%), 2-propanol (≥99.5%) and LB (Luria–Bertani) nutrient broth were procured from Merck. The cooking oil (sunflower) was of the commercial grade purchased from a local market in Lahore. The Escherichia coli [ACCN, KJ880039] and Staphylococcus aureus [ACCN, KY635411] strains, and deionized water purified by Milli-Q Plus system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) was used for the whole research study.
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6

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Analysis

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In this study, benzo[a]pyrene (99.2%), phenanthrene (99.8%), naphthalene (99.9%), fluoranthene (99.3%), benzo[a]anthracene (99.2%), calcium chloride (CaCl2) (98%), diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) (99%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) (98%), ammonium peroxydisulfate ((NH4)2S2O8) (99%), acetic acid (99.8%), hydrochloric acid (98%), sodium hydroxide (98%), and aniline (99%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and used without any purification. Also, high purity nitrogen (99.99%) was obtained from Raham Company (Tehran, Iran).
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7

Synthesis of Pyrrole-Functionalized PAN Nanocomposites

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PAN (MW 50 000–70 000 Da, 99%) was purchased from Sarchem Laboratories Inc., New Jersey. Pyrrole (98%), ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS), 4-dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) 99%, HCl 12 M, Rhodamine B (RB), Methyl Orange (MO), and naphthalene were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) from Enzo Life Sciences Inc., New York. Dimethylformamide (DMF) was supplied by Fisher Scientific, H3PO4 (85%) by Carlo Erba, CH3CN (Chromasolv for HPLC, purity ≥ 99.9%) by Honeywell. All the chemicals were used without further purification. Water was purified with a Milli-Q plus apparatus (TOC = 2 ppb, conductivity 18.2 MΩ cm). The commercial multiwalled carbon nanotubes employed were Nanocyl™ NC7000 industrial grade, purchased from Nanocyl S.A., Belgium. Their reported features were: 18 outer mean diameter 9.5 nm, average length 1.5 μm, specific surface area 475 m2 g−1, amorphous carbon pyrolytically deposited on the outer layer, C purity 90%, and metal oxides content 10% (1% transition metals). Reported impurities, determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), were: Al (5.9 wt%), Fe (0.5 wt%), and Co (0.2 wt%). This material was used without any further purification and is referred to in this article as CNT(NP), where NP stands for NanoParticles or Non-Purified.
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8

Distillation of Aniline with Zinc Dust

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Aniline (ADWIC, Egypt) was distilled using zinc dust.34 (link) The other chemicals, such as glacial acetic acid, boric acid and sodium hydroxide, were bought from ADWIC, Egypt, and were used as received. Ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS), phosphoric acid, MB and AG from Sigma-Aldrich were used without further purification. All chemicals were of analytical grade. Solutions were prepared using freshly distilled water.
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9

Synthesis of rGO-PANI Hybrid Catalysts

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Graphite powder (Alfa Aesar), aniline (Alfa Aesar), sulphuric acid (SRL), phosphoric acid (Alfa Aesar), hydrochloric acid (SRL), ammonium peroxydisulfate (Alfa Aesar), potassium permanganate (Sigma-Aldrich), potassium tetrachloropalladate (Alfa Aesar), tetrachloro auric acid (Alfa Aesar), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (Alfa Aesar), sodium borohydride (Alfa Aesar), hydrazine (Sigma-Aldrich), hydrogen peroxide (SRL), ethanol (SRL), hexane (Alfa Aesar), double distilled water were used as a starting precursors for the preparation of bare rGO, PANI, and rGO-PANI supported mono (Pd) & bimetallic (Pd: Au) nanocomposite hybrid catalysts.
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10

Synthesis of Polystyrene Latex Particles

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The synthetic aqueous dispersion solutions of PS latex particles with the diameter of 192 nm, 214 nm, 230 nm, 245 nm, and 265 nm are used, whose solid content are 24.23 wt%, 24.10 wt%, 19.89 wt%, 22.54 wt%, and 22.70 wt%, respectively. Methyl methacrylate (MMA), acrylic acid (AA), styrene (St), ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), AM, PEGDA (Mn 700), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, Mn 40000), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and n-butyl acetate (n-BuAc) are purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. TPO is purchased from Adamas. CB (granularity <90 nm) is purchased from Innochem. All chemical reagents are directly used as received without further purification.
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