Lext ols4100

Specimens (50 × 30 × 8 mm³) were produced by I3 Reprap. The material was extruded from the nozzle to form the final shape. Then, the warp needed to be measured. The difference ratios between the maximum and minimum of the heights on specimen surface diagonals to the lengths of diagonals were the warp. In Figure 3, black lines form the contour after specimen thermal deformation occurred, orange lines are contour lines of the numerical model before thermal deformation. Meanwhile, H is the difference between the maximum and minimum of the heights on specimen surface diagonals. L is the diagonal length. Warp (W) was calculated as in Equation (9).

where D is the maximum of thermal-deformation displacement on the diagonal. The height and length of the specimen surface diagonal were measured by a 3D laser measuring microscope. The 3D microscope is LEXT OLS4100 which is produced by the Olympus Corporation (LEXT OLS4100, OLYMPUS, Japan). The measured warp model is shown as Figure 3 of revision.
The aim of this article was to make a composite material used in FDM to decrease thermal deformation and then obtain the optimal processing parameters of this material.

MG63 cells (human osteosarcoma ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) were cultured in Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) (Thermo-Fischer, Carlsbad, CA, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Atena Biotecnologica, Campinas, Brazil) and 1% antibiotic/antimycotic solution (Thermo-Fischer, Carlsbad, CA, USA) in a cell culture incubator at 37 °C/5%CO₂/95% air atmosphere.
As for the evaluations of cell adhesion and proliferation, cells were seeded onto the disc sample surfaces in 24 well polystyrene plates, at a cell density of 2 × 10⁴ cells/well, and incubated at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO₂. After 3, 7, 14, 21, and 27 days, cultures were fixed with 4% formaldehyde in 0.9% sodium chloride solution for 30 min. The samples were then washed with the same solution, dehydrated in a graded series of alcohol, and stained with 2% Alizarin red (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) (pH 4.2). Finally, they were photographed using a confocal laser microscope (LEXT OLS4100, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan).