1 hydroxybenzotriazole

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Hungary

1-Hydroxybenzotriazole is a chemical compound used as a coupling agent in organic synthesis. It serves to activate carboxylic acids, facilitating their reaction with amines to form amide bonds. This compound is commonly employed in peptide synthesis and other organic reactions.

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Close spelling variants of this product

1‐hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (HOBt) 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), dichloromethane (DCM), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole–HBT Hydroxybenzotriazole

23 protocols using 1 hydroxybenzotriazole

Synthesis of Linear-Dendritic Copolymers

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dl-Tyrosine (99+%),
2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS,
98+%), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT, 95+%), bromophenol blue (95%),
rhodamine B base (97%), methyl orange (95+%), and p-nitrophenyl palmitate (all from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis MO) were
used as received. Chlorobenzene (99+%, Acros) was degassed with argon
and stored over 4 Å molecular sieves. Laccase was produced and
used as previously described.¹⁹ All linear–dendritic
and dendritic–linear–dendritic copolymers were synthesized
by the coupling of preformed reactive fragments^{20 (link)} or via living ring-opening anionic polymerization of ethylene
oxide initiated by third-generation benzyl ether dendrons.^{21 (link)} All linear–linear and linear–hyperbranched
copolymers were produced by controlled radical polymerization (ATRP).
Details are provided in the Supporting Information.

Scheibel D.M, & Gitsov I. (2018). Polymer-Assisted Biocatalysis: Effects of Macromolecular Architectures on the Stability and Catalytic Activity of Immobilized Enzymes toward Water-Soluble and Water-Insoluble Substrates. ACS Omega, 3(2), 1700-1709.

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Enzymatic Oxidation Reaction Protocols

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The genes encoding Ghlac WT and variants were ordered from Genscript. ABTS, DMP, guaiacol, SGZ, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT), acetosyringone (ASG), and Sypro Orange were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Methyl syringate (MeS) and violuric acid (VA) were purchased from BioRuler (Danbury, CT, USA). Malachite Green chloride (>98%) was purchased from Shanghai yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade.

Mao G., Wang K., Wang F., Li H., Zhang H., Xie H., Wang Z., Wang F, & Song A. (2021). An Engineered Thermostable Laccase with Great Ability to Decolorize and Detoxify Malachite Green. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(21), 11755.

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Biomass Pretreatment and Characterization

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Bisphenol A, vanillin, acetosyringone, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1-hydroxy-benzotriazole (HBT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). All other chemicals were of analytical grade.
Corn straw, corncob, rice straw, sawdust, bagasse, and wheat bran, which were obtained from local farms, were air dried and milled to pass through a 20-mesh screen.

Zeng S., Zhao J, & Xia L. (2017). Simultaneous production of laccase and degradation of bisphenol A with Trametes versicolor cultivated on agricultural wastes. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 40(8), 1237-1245.

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Peptide Synthesis and Labeling Protocol

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All materials were used according to the manufacturer's instructions unless otherwise noted. The following were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA: acetonitrile (MeCN), methanol (MeOH), triethylamine (TEA), dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), diethyl ether, cyanocobalamin (B₁₂), triisopropylsilane, 1,1′‐carbonyl‐di‐(1,2,4‐trizole), n‐methyl‐pyrrolidone, 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, 1‐hydroxybenzo‐triazole and dihydroxybenzoic acid. The following were purchased from CEM Corporation, Matthews, NC, USA: Fmoc‐Rink Amide Protide non‐preloaded resin (LL), N,N′‐diisopropylcarbodiimide, ethyl cyanohydroxyiminoacetate (Oxyma), Fmoc protected amino acids: Asn(Trt); Gln(OtBu); Tyr(tBu); and Trp(Boc). The following were purchased from VWR, Radnor, PA, USA: 7‐trifloroacetic acid (TFA) and dimethylformamide (DMF). The following was purchased from BroadPharm, San Diego, CA, USA: sulpho‐DBCO‐amine. The following was purchased from Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA: AlexaFluor 564 (DBCO‐AF546). The following was purchased from Lumiprobe: Sulfo‐cyanine5 NHS ester. The following was purchased from Lumiprobe, Hunt Valley, MD, USA: alpha‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid.

Asker M., Krieger J., Liles A., Tinsley I.C., Borner T., Maric I., Doebley S., Furst C.D., Börchers S., Longo F., Bhat Y.R., De Jonghe B.C., Hayes M.R., Doyle R.P, & Skibicka K.P. (2023). Peripherally restricted oxytocin is sufficient to reduce food intake and motivation, while CNS entry is required for locomotor and taste avoidance effects. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, 25(3), 856-877.

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Peptide Synthesis and Fluorescent Labeling

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For peptide synthesis, amino acid derivatives were obtained from Iris Biotech (Marktredwitz, Germany). Reagents such as N,N’-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), triisopropylsilane (TIS), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), NH₄OAc, palmitic acid, 6-maleimidohexanoic acid, acetic anhydride (Ac₂O), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIEA), 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), and 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (Cf) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Budapest, Hungary). Fmoc-Rink Amide MBHA resin was obtained from Merck. Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dichloromethane (DCM), 2-ethoxyethanol (Cellosolv), diethyl ether, and acetonitrile (AcN) were from VWR (Budapest, Hungary).
For the in vitro assays, RPMI-1640 medium, fetal calf serum (FCS), 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester (CFSE), concanavalin A (ConA), Mowiol^® 4–88, trypan blue, and trypsin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Budapest, Hungary). Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) was from Shenandoah Biotechnology (Warwick, PA, USA). BBL Löwenstein–Jensen Medium was ordered from Becton Dickinson (Környe, Hungary), HPMI buffer (9 mM glucose, 10 mM NaHCO₃, 119 mM NaCl, 9 mM HEPES, 5 mM KCl, 0.85 mM MgCl₂, 0.053 mM CaCl₂, 5 mM Na₂HPO₄ × 2H₂O, pH = 7.4) was prepared in-house using components obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Budapest, Hungary).

Horváti K., Pályi B., Henczkó J., Balka G., Szabó E., Farkas V., Biri-Kovács B., Szeder B, & Fodor K. (2019). A Convenient Synthetic Method to Improve Immunogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Related T-Cell Epitope Peptides. Vaccines, 7(3), 101.

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Biopolymer-Based Hydrogel Fabrication

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Sodium alginate was purchased from Pronova Biopolymers (Oslo, Norway) with an average molecular weight of ~250 kDa and with high guluronate content (Protoanal LF 20/40). Adipic acid dihydrazide (AAD), 1-ethyl-3-(dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), MES, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT), iron (II,III) oxide powder (< 5 micron), mitoxantrone, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), bovine serum albumin (BSA), Sigmacote, Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextrans, Rhodamine-dextran, and FITC-Diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-dextrans were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Mouse Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2), Thymus Chemokine-1 (TCK-1), and Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits and kit reagents were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN).

Kennedy S., Roco C., Déléris A., Spoerri P., Cezar C., Weaver J., Vandenburgh H, & Mooney D. (2018). Improved magnetic regulation of delivery profiles from ferrogels. Biomaterials, 161, 179-189.

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Synthesis of Borane-Based Compounds

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Solvents (HPLC grade) and solids (Bu₄N)CN (95%), L-histidine methyl ester dihydrochloride (97%), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (97%), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (97%), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (99%), sodium tetraphenylborate (99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used without additional purification. [Et₃NH]₂[B₁₀H₁₀] was prepared from decaborane-14 using the known synthetic procedure [52 (link)]. (Bu₄N)[B₁₀H₁₁] was prepared by protonation of the [B₁₀H₁₀]²⁻ anion in the CH₃CN/CF₃COOH system according to the method reported [53 ]. (Bu₄N)[2-B₁₀H₉O(C₄H₈)] was synthesized from (Bu₄N)[B₁₀H₁₁] and THF according to the known procedure [54 (link)]. The substitute was opened to give (Bu₄N)₂[2-B₁₀H₉OC₄H₈CN] when reacting with (Bu₄N)CN in dichloromethane [55 (link)]; (Bu₄N)₂[2-B₁₀H₉OC₄H₈COOH] was obtained [55 (link)] by hydrolysis in boiled methanol with KOH.
Racemic rimantadine hydrochloride purchased from Zhejiang Kangyu Pharmaceutical Co (China) and hydroxychloroquine sulfate purchased from Promochem (Finland) were used as reference drugs.

Avdeeva V.V., Garaev T.M., Breslav N.V., Burtseva E.I., Grebennikova T.V., Zhdanov A.P., Zhizhin K.Y., Malinina E.A, & Kuznetsov N.T. (2022). New type of RNA virus replication inhibitor based on decahydro-closo-decaborate anion containing amino acid ester pendant group. Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 27(4-5), 421-429.

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Hyaluronic Acid-Based Anticancer Drug Delivery

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HA (molecular weight [Mw] =100 kDa) was obtained from Sunlidabio Ltd (Nanjing, China). Mouse breast tumor cell line (4T1) was obtained from the Chinese Academy of Science Cell Bank for Type Culture Collection (Shanghai, China). FA, doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX·HCl), ethylene diamine, glycidyl methacrylate (GM), reduced l-glutathione (GSH), 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, cystamine dihydrochloride, triethylamine, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, (1-ethyl-3-[dimethylamino]propyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride, N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide, and other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA).

Yi Q., Ma J., Kang K, & Gu Z. (2018). Bioreducible nanocapsules for folic acid-assisted targeting and effective tumor-specific chemotherapy. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 13, 653-667.

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Synthesis of Aromatic Compounds

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1-Hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT), 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (DMP), anthracene, and phenanthrene were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other reagents and chemicals were of the highest purity available.

Rahimi E., Rezaei S., Mohamadnia S., Valizadeh S., Tavakoli O, & Faramarzi M.A. (2022). Bioremoval and Detoxification of Anthracene by a Halophilic Laccase from Alkalibacillus salilacus. Iranian Journal of Biotechnology, 20(2), e3058.

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Synthesis of Fluorescent Peptide Conjugates

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9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) protected amino acid derivatives and Rink amide 4-methylbenzhydrylamine (Rink amide MBHA) resin were purchased from IRIS Biotech GmbH (Marktredwitz, Germany). The reagents for synthesis were N,N’-diisopropylcabodiimide (DIC), N,N-diisopropyl-ethylamine (DIEA), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), piperidine, thioanisol, phenol, 1,2-ethanedithiol, 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (Cf), and they were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Budapest, Hungary). Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and solvents (N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dichloromethane) (DCM)) for synthesis, as well as HPLC grade acetonitrile, were obtained from Molar Chemicals (Halásztelek, Hungary). Cf-Penetratin was provided by Kata Horváti (MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry; Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Chemistry) [17 (link),18 (link)].

Bősze S., Zsila F., Biri-Kovács B., Szeder B., Majer Z., Hudecz F, & Uray K. (2020). Tailoring Uptake Efficacy of HSV-1 gD Tailoring Uptake Efficacy of Hsv-1 GD Derived Carrier Peptides. Biomolecules, 10(5), 721.

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