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11 protocols using orca er ccd digital camera

1

Immunostaining of Drosophila Imaginal Discs

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Immunostaining of imaginal discs was performed as previously described (Matakatsu and Blair, 2004 (link)), except that fixations were performed in PBS with 2% formaldehyde for 5 min at RT. The following primary antibodies were used: rat anti–Dachs N and C (1:20,000), guinea pig anti-App (1:20,000; Matakatsu and Blair, 2008 (link)), mouse anti–β-galactosidase (1:1,000; Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank), rabbit anti–β-galactosidase (1:1,000; Cappel), mouse anti-V5 (1:1,000; Invitrogen), and mouse anti-CD2 (1:1,000; Serotec). Images were taken using an LSM 880 confocal microscope (ZEISS; using Zen 2.1 software) or an Apotome (ZEISS) with an ORCA-ER CCD digital camera (Hamamatsu Photonics). Plan Apochromat 40×/1.4 and Plan Apochromat 63×/1.4 oil-immersion objectives (ZEISS) were used for LSM880. The acquired images were processed with ImageJ and Photoshop (Adobe Systems). Apical z-stacks were processed to make maximal projections using ImageJ.
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2

Time-lapse Analysis of Mitotic Progression

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Time-lapse microscopy was performed using a Nikon TE2000-E motorized inverted microscope equipped with a complete incubation system (Nikon). Time-lapse images of H1299 cells were taken with the Orca-ER CCD digital camera (Hamamatsu Photonics) at 5-min intervals for 48 h. Anaphase onset was defined as the time the cell starts to round up. All images were processed using NIS Elements software (Nikon).
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3

Microscopic Imaging and Deconvolution

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Images were acquired using cellSens software (Olympus) on an IX83 microscope (Olympus) with a UPLSAPO 60× 1.3 NA silicone oil objective (Olympus) and an Orca-ER CCD digital camera (Hamamatsu Photonics). Deconvolution was done with Autoquant (Media Cybernetics) standard settings for each filter set using a blind adaptive point-spread function. Image analysis was done in Fiji (http://fiji.sc/).
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4

Immunocytochemistry of Neural Markers

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Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (Electron Microscopy Sciences) for 15 min at room temperature. After rinsing with PBS, cells were incubated with blocking/permeabilizing solution, which consists of PBS with 10% donkey serum and 0.1% Triton X-100 for 1 hr at room temperature. Subsequently, cells were incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. Primary antibodies used in this study were anti-nestin (1:1000; BD Sciences, USA) and anti-beta-III tubulin (1:500; Covance). In order to visualize the primary antibodies, cells were incubated with fluorescent-labeled secondary antibodies (Alexa 488-Alexa 594-, or Alexa 647-labeled IgG; Life Technologies) for 1 hr at room temperature. Images of stained cells were captured using an Olympus IX-70 inverted microscope, equipped with an Orca-ER CCD digital camera (Hamamatsu) and OpenLab software (Improvision). ImageJ (Wayne Rasband National Institute of Health, USA) was used for image analysis. In addition, images were analyzed by CellProfiler (version 2.1.1; cellprofiler.org) for measuring fluorescent intensity. Three independent fields from each time point were used with matching exposure.
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5

Immunofluorescent Microscopy of Candida albicans

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This procedure was done as described in [13 (link)] with minor modification. C. albicans cells were grown overnight in YPD or YPM medium at 30°C. Mouse anti-β (1,3)-glucan antibody (Biosupplies Australia Pty Ltd., Australia) at a 1:800 dilution was used as the primary antibody, and a goat anti-mouse antibody conjugated to Cy3 (Jackson ImmunoResearch Inc., USA) at 1:300 dilution was used as secondary antibody. For imaging, Candida cells were resuspended in 100 μL of PBS and visualized with LEICA DM5500B epi-fluorescent microscope with Hamamatsu Orca-ER CCD digital camera (Model#C4742-80-12AG). The pictures were taken through Leica Application Suite AF (Advanced Fluorescence) software.
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6

Measuring Microtubule Depolymerization Dynamics

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A 0.24 µM mixture of AlexaFluor-555-labeled and unlabeled MTs were prepared in 1xPM (100 mM PIPES, pH 7.0, MgSO4, 1 mM EGTA) with 1 mM MgATP, 1 mM NaGTP, 0.4 µM Taxol, and gloxy [0.1 µg/ml glucose oxidase (Sigma), 2 µg/ml glucose catalase (Sigma)]. For TIRF measurements, 7 µl of 0.24 µM polymerized tubulin mixture was placed between a glass slide (1 mm thickness, 75 × 25 mm2) and plasma-cleaned coverslip (150 μm thickness, 22 × 22 mm2) for all measurements. For measurements with motor, a final concentration of 0.4 µM Eg5-367 or 0.2 µM Eg5-513 was used. For measurements with allosteric Eg5 inhibitor, concentrations are detailed in the figures.
Time-lapse imaging of depolymerizing labeled MTs with or without motor was performed on an Olympus IX81 inverted microscope using a 60X 1.49 NA Plan Apochromat TIRFM oil objective at room temperature. Images were acquired with a Melles Griot HeNe 543 nm laser and a Hamamatsu ORCA-ER CCD digital camera. All hardware was controlled by Micromanager software operating on the ImageJ platform.
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7

Bacterial Induction and Microscopic Imaging

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Bacteria were grown overnight at 30°C in AB medium containing antibiotic (50 μg/mL kanamycin). To induce expression of a fusion gene, 5 mL AB induction medium (AB Mes, pH 5.8, 50 μmol/L acetosyringone, and 50 μg/mL kanamycin) was inoculated with 0.35 mL of the overnight culture and grown for 16–18 h at room temperature (Mossey et al. 2010 (link)). Seven microliters of induced cells were placed on a polylysine-coated glass slide, and a cover glass was placed on top. After 10 min on bench top to allow bacteria to adhere, samples were viewed with a Leica fluorescence microscope equipped with a Hamamatsu ORCA-ER digital CCD camera. Images were recorded with Volocity software (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA) and processed using Adobe Photoshop CS2 for presentation. For quantitative analysis, number of labeled cells was counted and their fluorescence patterns were analyzed.
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8

In Vivo VSD Imaging of Somatosensory Cortex

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VSD imaging was performed as described previously2 (link). 1–2% isoflurane was used to anesthetize the animals. After being placed in a stereotaxic apparatus, heating pad was used to maintain animal’s body temperature throughout the length of anesthesia. Each animal’s scalp was disinfected with betadine followed by isopropyl alcohol. An incision was made. A round 5–8 mm craniotomy was performed over somatosensory cortex. After dura removal, 1 mg/ml Rh1691 in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (Optical Imaging) was applied directly to the brain for 1 hour. Then the cortex was washed with PBS to remove unbound dye. A 5–8 mm glass coverslip was attached to the surrounding skull using dental cement and Krazy glue.
Wide field VSD imaging was carried out using a 2X long working distance objective (NA = 0.14) on an upright microscope (BX51, Olympus). 120 W mercury arc lamp was used to excite the VSD with 585/20 nm light. Hamamatsu ORCA-ER digital CCD camera was used to collect images with 5 ms exposure every 50 ms. Image sequences were acquired in 50 s epochs, up to 10 epochs/condition.
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9

Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay for Plasmodium

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Two methods of fixation were used to perform indirect IFA (Tonkin et al., 2004 (link); Beck et al., 2014 (link)). For the aldehyde-based method, cells were attached to concanavalin A (0.5 mg/mL) coated coverslips and fixed in 4 % (v/v) paraformaldehyde/ 0.0075 % (v/v) glutaraldehyde in PBS (30 min). Cells were permeabilized in 0.1 % Triton X100 in PBS (10 min), treated with 0.1 mg/mL NaBH4 in PBS (10 min) before blocking in 3 % (w/v) bovine serum albumin (1–16 h). Alternatively, thin smears were prepared, and slides fixed in cold 100 % acetone for two min before blocking as above. Primary antibodies used: rabbit polyclonal anti-PfTRiC-θ (or prebleed; (Mbengue et al., 2015 (link)); 1:200), rabbit polyclonal anti-GFP (ab6556; Abcam; 1:200), mouse monoclonal anti-PfEXP2 (7.7; (Hall et al, 1983 (link)); 1:500), rabbit polyclonal anti-PfSBP1 (BR28; (Blisnick et al., 2000 (link)); 1:500) and rabbit polyclonal anti-PfREX1 ((Hawthorne et al., 2004 (link)); 1:500). Secondary Alexa Fluor 488- or 594-conjugated antibodies were used at 1:2000. Coverslips were mounted in Prolong Gold Antifade Mountant with DAPI (Molecular Probes). Microscopy was performed using an AxioImager.M1 epifluorescence microscope (Zeiss) with a Hamamatsu ORCA-ER digital CCD camera, as previously described (Beck et al., 2014 (link)). AxioVision software Release 4.8.1 was used for image processing.
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10

Automated High-Throughput Microscopy Imaging

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384-well plates were imaged using a TE 2000 microscope (Nikon) equipped with an Orca ER Digital CCD Camera (Hamamatsu), motorized stage (Prior), motorized filter wheels (Sutter Instrument, Inc.) and a 10× objective (Nikon) mounted on a piezo focus drive system (Physik Instrumente). Image acquisition and analysis were conducted using the MetaMorph 7.1 software (Molecular Devices, Inc.).
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