Catechin hydrate (>98%), trans-resveratrol (>99%), quercetin 3-O-glucuronide (≥95%), cyanin chloride (≥90%), ferulic acid (99%), kaempferol, p-coumaric acid, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (98%), myricetin, isorhamnetin and rutin (quercetin 3-O-rutinoside) hydrate (>94%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Sodium carbonate anhydrous (99%), Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, and glycerol anhydrous (99%) were purchased from Penta (Praha, Czechia). Formic acid (99%), L-ascorbic acid and citric acid (≥99.5%) were from Carlo Erba (Milan, Italy). All solvents used for chromatography were of appropriate (HPLC) grade. The radical probe 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), quercetin hydrate (97%) and caffeic acid (99%) were from Alfa Aesar (Karlsruhe, Germany). Iron chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3 • 6H2O) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). 2,4,6-Tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) was from Fluka (Steinheim, Germany).
Citric acid
Manufactured by Carlo Erba
Sourced in Italy
Citric acid is a chemical compound that is commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a weak organic acid with the chemical formula C6H8O7. Citric acid is a naturally occurring substance found in citrus fruits and is commercially produced through microbial fermentation. It is a versatile compound that can be used for various applications in the laboratory.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Carlo Erba (5 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
P coumaric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Kaempferol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Carlo Erba (2 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Carlo Erba (2 mentions)
Milli q system, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Epicatechin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium bicarbonate, by Carlo Erba (2 mentions)
Diethyl ether, by Carlo Erba (2 mentions)
Ethanol, by Carlo Erba (2 mentions)
Ferulic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Caffeic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Cyanin chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Myricetin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Isorhamnetin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Formic acid, by Carlo Erba (1 mentions)
Kaempferol 3 o rutinoside, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Catechin hydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
14 protocols using citric acid
1
Bioactive Compound Standards for Antioxidant Analysis
2
Sensory Evaluation of Sausage Consumers
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Fifteen subjects were recruited among regular eaters of sausages (defined as consuming the product at least once a week). Ten panelists were selected (four males and six females, between 29 and 61 yr. of age) in accordance with ISO standards [26 ]. For this purpose, the four basic tastes were used [27 (link)]. For this purpose, sucrose (Carlo Erba, Milan, Italy), sodium chloride (Carlo Erba, Milan, Italy), citric acid (Carlo Erba, Milan, Italy) and quinine hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) at three levels each were used [27 (link)]. The panelists were informed about the taste of each basic concentration. Then, a 10 mL quantity of high and low concentration for each taste solution was served blind. The panelists rinsed their mouths with filtered, de-ionized water between tests. De-ionized water was also used to prepare two blanks. Totaling ten samples (taste solutions and blanks) were presented in random order. The panelists had to identify the intensity (low and high) of each taste solution. The inability to recognize eight out of the 10 taste solutions was used as cutoff point for selection purposes [27 (link)]. Afterwards, panelists were trained for the scale use [28 ].
3
Isolation and Characterization of Wine Components
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Sodium chloride, 30 % (w/w) hydrogen peroxide, 96 % (v/v) ethanol, ACS grade hydrochloric acid (37%), anhydrous sodium sulfate and citric acid were purchased from Carlo Erba Reagents (Milan, Italy). HPLC grade dichloromethane and n-pentane, HPLC grade methanol, ethyl heptanoate and 1-heptanol were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Malt Extract Agar and bacteriological peptone were purchased from Oxoid (Basingstoke, UK). Milli Q grade water was produced by a Milli-Q Advantage A10 apparatus (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). The active dry yeast strain (Flavor 2000) , the pectolytic enzyme preparation (Flottozima® P), the yeast nutrient formulation (V-Starter Premium) and the potassium metabisulfite used for the vinification protocols were all supplied by Enologica Vason S.p.A. (S. Pietro in Cariano, VR, Italy). The glycosidase preparation (Rapidase Revelation Aroma) used for the determination of bound monoterpenes, was from Oenobrands SAS (Montpellier, France).
Malt Extract Agar and bacteriological peptone were purchased from Oxoid (Basingstoke, UK). Milli Q grade water was produced by a Milli-Q Advantage A10 apparatus (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). The active dry yeast strain (Flavor 2000) , the pectolytic enzyme preparation (Flottozima® P), the yeast nutrient formulation (V-Starter Premium) and the potassium metabisulfite used for the vinification protocols were all supplied by Enologica Vason S.p.A. (S. Pietro in Cariano, VR, Italy). The glycosidase preparation (Rapidase Revelation Aroma) used for the determination of bound monoterpenes, was from Oenobrands SAS (Montpellier, France).
4
Multi-Residue Pesticide Analysis by HPLC
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Acetonitrile, Acetone and N-Hexane HPLC grade were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Acetic acid, citric acid and NaCl were purchased from Carlo-ErbaReagenti SPA. The dispersive solid phase extraction (D-SPE) sorbents including primary secondary amine (PSA), octadecylsilyl silica (C18) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and aluminum neutral (Al-N) purchased from Carlo-Erba. Pesticides reference standards were purchased from Dr. Ehrenstorfer Laboratories (Augsburg, Germany). Anhydrous sodium acetate (Anhydrous NaAc) and anhydrous magnesium sulfate (Anhydrous MgSO4) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Extraction QuEChERS kits (6gm MgSO4+1.5gm NaAc) and D-SPE clean-up kits (150 mg Anhydrous. MgSO4+50 mg PSA) was purchased from Waters Corporation (Milford, U.S.A.)
5
Antioxidant Capacity Analysis of Apple and Beef
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Potassium chloride (KCl), sodium acetate, citric acid, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were from Carlo Erba Reagents (Milan, Italy). Edible-grade ascorbic acid, analysed according to Ph.Eur.9.3, was from Caelo Caesar and Loretz, GMBH (Hilden, Germany). 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH radical), 2,4,6-tripyridyl-S-triazine, sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), Folin and Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, gallic acid, (±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and ethanol (EtOH) were from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Megazyme® kit K-TDFR-100A/K-TDFR-200A 08/16 was purchased from Megazyme (Megazyme International Ireland, Bray, Ireland). Red Delicious apples and beef minced meat were purchased in a local supermarket.
6
Protein and Chemical Characterization
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Bovine β-LG (>90%, lyophilized powder, CAS#9045-23-2) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich; WPI (~91% protein, 60% β-LG) was obtained from Agropur; monosodium phosphate [molecular weight (MW): 119.98 Da; CAS#7558-80-7], sodium hexametaphosphate (MW: 611.77 Da; CAS#10124-56-8), and citric acid (MW: 192.12 Da; CAS#77-92-9) were obtained from Carlo Erba; dipotassium phosphate (MW: 174.18 Da, CAS#7758-11-4) was obtained from Mallinckrodt; tartaric acid (MW: 150.09 Da, CAS#87-69-4) and disodium phosphate (MW: 141.96 Da; CAS#7558-79-4) were obtained from JT Baker; and sodium hydroxide (NaOH; MW: 40.0 Da, CAS#1310-73-2), sodium citrate (MW: 294.1 Da; CAS#6132-04-3), sodium chloride (NaCl; MW: 58.44 Da, CAS#7647-14-5), potassium hydroxide (KOH; MW: 56.11 Da, CAS#1310-58-3) and monopotassium phosphate (MW: 136.09, CAS#7778-77-0) were obtained from Merck. All reagents were of analytical grade (except sodium hexametaphosphate, which was pure) and were used without further purification. No animals were used in this study, and ethical approval for the use of animals was thus deemed unnecessary.
7
Comprehensive Assay Reagents Protocol
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) tablets were from Life Technologies (Monza, Italy); hydrochloric acid (HCl); sodium acetate (NaOAc); citric acid; glucose, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane hydrochloride (Tris-HCl) were from Carlo Erba (Milan, Italy). Lithium sulphate; 2-mercaptoethanol; DL-glyceraldehyde; gallic acid; ferrous sulfate (FeSO4); potassium ferricyanide (K3Fe(CN)6); ferric chloride (FeCl3); bathophenanthrolinedisulfonic acid disodium salt hydrate; trichloroacetic acid (TCA); glutathione (GSH); phtaldialdehyde; Folin–Ciocalteau’s reagent (FCR); 2,4,6-Tris (2-pyridyl)-triazine (TPTZ); dichlorofluorescein-diacetate (DCFDA); nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced (NADPH); nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced (NADH); phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF); flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD); oxidized glutathione (GSSG); magnesium chloride (MgCl2); pyrogallol; glucose-6-phosphate (G6P); xylenol orange; ammonium ferrous sulfate; butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT); sodium azide were from Merck (Milan, Italy). All other chemicals used were of research highest purity grade.
8
Quantitative Analysis of Phenolic Compounds
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, calcium chloride, citric acid, aluminum chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium hydroxide, and RPE methanol were purchased from Carlo Erba Reagents (Milan, Italy).
Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, t-ferulic acid, 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid, luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin, and apigenin-7-O-glucoside were purchased from Extrasynthèse (Geney, France) and Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
HPLC-grade solvents and water purified using a Milli-Q system (Millipore Corp., Billerica, MA, USA) were used in HPLC analysis.
Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, t-ferulic acid, 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid, luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin, and apigenin-7-O-glucoside were purchased from Extrasynthèse (Geney, France) and Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
HPLC-grade solvents and water purified using a Milli-Q system (Millipore Corp., Billerica, MA, USA) were used in HPLC analysis.
9
Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
ChCl, triethylene glycol, glycerol, urea, and sucrose were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy); sorbitol and glucose were purchased from Fisher Scientific Italia (Milan, Italy); and betaine anhydrous, xylitol, citric acid, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, lactic acid, and malic acid were purchased from Carlo Erba (Milan, Italy). Gallic acid, procyanidin B2 (PB2), procyanidin A2 (PA2), epicatechin, quercetin, kaempferol, methanol (MeOH) (purity 99.9%), water (HPLC-MS grade), acetonitrile (purity 99.9%), and formic acid (purity 95–97%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). All the chemicals were of analytical reagent grade and were used without any further purification.
10
Ochratoxin A Extraction and HPLC Analysis
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The chemicals and solvents used for OTA extraction and for HPLC analysis were analytical grade or HPLC grade. The OTA standard used to prepare standard solutions for the validation of the applied methodology was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Immunoaffinity columns used for samples purification (OchraTest™ WB) were purchased from Vicam® (Milford, MA, USA). PBS buffer pH 7.0 used during sample clean up procedure was prepared by dissolving sodium chloride (8.0 g), sodium phosphate dibasic (1.2 g), potassium phosphate monobasic (0.2 g), and potassium chloride (0.2 g) in purified water so as to obtain 1 litre of buffer. Water, acetonitrile, isopropyl alcohol, dichloromethane, and methanol were purchased from Mallinckrodt Baker B.V. (Deventer, The Netherlands); citric acid, phosphoric acid, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, sodium phosphate dibasic, potassium phosphate monobasic, and potassium chloride were purchased from Carlo Erba Reagents (Cornaredo, MI, Italy); acetic acid and ethyl acetate were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA).
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!