The computed tomography (CT) scans of 10 patients with left‐sided breast carcinoma were used for this dosimetric study. All patients were positioned supine with left arm raised above the head on a breast board. Patients were scanned from the level of the mandibula through to the upper abdomen, including left and right lungs, with a 2.5‐mm slice thickness on a GE™ HiSpeed NX/i (GE™ HiSpeed NX/i; GE Medical Systems, Little Chalfont, UK) CT system.
Hispeed nx i
Manufactured by GE Healthcare
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
The HiSpeed NX/i is a laboratory equipment product from GE Healthcare. It is designed to perform high-speed separation and purification of various biological samples. The core function of the HiSpeed NX/i is to efficiently isolate and concentrate target molecules or entities from complex mixtures.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
7 protocols using hispeed nx i
1
Dosimetric Study of Left-Sided Breast Carcinoma
2
COVID-19 CT Scanning Protocols
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All CT scans were performed with one of the five CT systems: SOMATOM Definition AS and SOMATOM Scope (Siemens, Germany), HiSpeed NX/i and LightSpeed VCT (GE, America), Brilliance 16 CT (Philips, America). The scanning parameters were as follow: tube voltage: 120 kV(p), tube current–exposure time product: range 50–200 mAs, slice thickness: 5 mm, reconstruction thickness: 0.625–1.5 mm, matrix:512 × 512, field of view 350 × 350 mm. Scanning position: all patients were supine with arms extended and held their breath during the CT scan.
To reduce nosocomial infection, there were 1–2 designated CT scanners in every hospital which were only used to scan COVID-19 patients. And channels were established between the isolation wards and the designated CT scanners for COVID-19 patients only. After the CT examinations of the patients, disinfected the examination bed surface, floor, air and equipment [10 (link)].
To reduce nosocomial infection, there were 1–2 designated CT scanners in every hospital which were only used to scan COVID-19 patients. And channels were established between the isolation wards and the designated CT scanners for COVID-19 patients only. After the CT examinations of the patients, disinfected the examination bed surface, floor, air and equipment [10 (link)].
3
PDTX Model Establishment from Biopsy
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Multidetector-row helical computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy (Hispeed NX/I; GE Healthcare, U.S.A.) was performed. Four different biopsy locations were chosen and performed based on the enhanced CT measurement to make sure three samples at least could be achieved. One sample was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and the other two samples (F0) cut into fragments (1 mm × 1 mm) were inoculated into the NOD/SCID mice’s flank subcutaneously (the PDTX [F1]. When the inoculations reached 500 mm3, the tumor tissues were further grafted into the flanks of Balb/c nude mice and liver metastasis was confirmed (the PDTX [F2].
4
Immobilization and Positioning for Precise Radiation Therapy
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To minimize setup uncertainties as reported previously13 (link), 14 (link), patients were immobilized by a vacuum bag (VacBag, Blessing Cathay Corporation) or alpha cradle (Blessing Cathay) from the chest to the lower pelvis to enhance the accuracy of the daily treatment position. All patients were suggested to defecate before simulation and daily treatment to reduce the organ motion of the rectum.13 (link) In addition, patients with prostate cancer were requested to drink a fixed amount of water after emptying the bladder. Computed tomographic (CT) simulation was done with patients in the supine position using a CT scanner (HiSpeed NX/i, GE Healthcare, Florida, USA). The CT images were scanned from the T12 vertebral body to 2 cm below the ischial tuberosities using a slice thickness of 3 mm. External markers were made on the skin using setup lasers to facilitate an accurate daily position.
The CTV was contoured according to the radiotherapy guidelines for each cancer. Generally, the CTV was expanded by 0.7 to 1.5 cm to create the PTV for organ motion and setup errors. All patients underwent IMRT planning using 6 or 10 MV photons. All plans were calculated using a commercial radiation treatment planning system (Eclipse, Varian Medical Systems Inc, Palo Alto, California, USA).
The CTV was contoured according to the radiotherapy guidelines for each cancer. Generally, the CTV was expanded by 0.7 to 1.5 cm to create the PTV for organ motion and setup errors. All patients underwent IMRT planning using 6 or 10 MV photons. All plans were calculated using a commercial radiation treatment planning system (Eclipse, Varian Medical Systems Inc, Palo Alto, California, USA).
5
Pulmonary Hemodynamics and Imaging
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A random subset of 18 patients with a TRV ≥2.5 m.s-1 underwent right heart catheterization, pulmonary high resolution computed tomography, and lung function testing, performed within a 2-week window for each patient. Measurements were made of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and thermodilution cardiac output. Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVRRHC) was calculated in Wood Units. Computed tomography was performed on a dual detector helical scanner (HiSpeed NX/I, GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI). Lung function tests were assessed according to American Thoracic Society/European Thoracic Society guidelines [19 (link)].
6
Visceral and Subcutaneous Fat Measurement
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Visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) at the umbilical level were measured using CT scans (HiSpeed NX/i, GE Healthcare Japan Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).
7
Immobilization and IMRT for Head and Neck Cancer
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To enhance the accuracy of the daily irradiated position, all patients were immobilized by a thermoplastic mask (U-shaped Head and Neck Mask, Renfu Medical Equipment, Guangzhou, China) from the bottom of the orbit to the shoulder. Following fabrication of the immobilization device, simulation using a computed tomographic (CT) scan simulator (HiSpeed NX/i, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA) was made. The scans consisted of a protocol with a 3-mm-slice thickness, and were obtained from the upper orbit to 2 cm below the sternum. Marks on the patients’ skin were drawn using setup lasers to facilitate an accurate daily position.
For patients receiving definitive RT, the clinical target volume (CTV) was defined as the gross tumor volume plus a margin of 1.0 to 1.5 cm. We followed the guidelines for the delineation of an elective nodal CTV [6 (link)]. The planning target volume (PTV) was extended 3 mm from the CTV to account for treatment uncertainty. All patients underwent IMRT plans consisting of 7 coplanar fields using 6-MV photons. The prescription dose to the CTV was 50 Gy in 25 fractions followed by a boost to 70–72 Gy to high-risk regions (tumor and involved lymph nodes). All plans were carried out using a commercial radiation treatment planning system (Eclipse version 8.6, Varian Medical Systems Inc, Palo Alto, California, USA).
For patients receiving definitive RT, the clinical target volume (CTV) was defined as the gross tumor volume plus a margin of 1.0 to 1.5 cm. We followed the guidelines for the delineation of an elective nodal CTV [6 (link)]. The planning target volume (PTV) was extended 3 mm from the CTV to account for treatment uncertainty. All patients underwent IMRT plans consisting of 7 coplanar fields using 6-MV photons. The prescription dose to the CTV was 50 Gy in 25 fractions followed by a boost to 70–72 Gy to high-risk regions (tumor and involved lymph nodes). All plans were carried out using a commercial radiation treatment planning system (Eclipse version 8.6, Varian Medical Systems Inc, Palo Alto, California, USA).
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