Piperacillin

Manufactured by Mast Group

Sourced in United Kingdom

Piperacillin is a semi-synthetic penicillin antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It is a beta-lactam compound that inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell walls.

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Lab products found in correlation

Ceftazidime, by Mast Group (7 mentions) Ciprofloxacin, by Mast Group (7 mentions) Imipenem, by Mast Group (6 mentions) Piperacillin tazobactam, by Mast Group (5 mentions) Cefepime, by Mast Group (5 mentions) Gentamicin, by Mast Group (5 mentions) Amikacin, by Mast Group (5 mentions) Levofloxacin, by Mast Group (4 mentions) Meropenem, by Mast Group (3 mentions) Aztreonam, by Mast Group (3 mentions) Ceftriaxone, by Mast Group (3 mentions) Tobramycin, by Mast Group (3 mentions) Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, by Mast Group (3 mentions) Cefotaxime, by Mast Group (3 mentions) Ampicillin, by Mast Group (3 mentions) Ampicillin sulbactam, by Mast Group (2 mentions) Doripenem, by Mast Group (2 mentions) Tetracycline, by Mast Group (1 mentions) Gentamycin, by Mast Group (1 mentions) Ofloxacin, by Mast Group (1 mentions)

8 protocols using piperacillin

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of K. pneumoniae Isolates

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The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out for all K. pneumoniae isolates for 12 antibiotics using standard disk diffusion test according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (CLSI) (14 ). The antibiotic disks used in the study were imipenem (10 ug), meropenem (10 ug), piperacillin (30 ug), piperacillin-tazobactam (100-10 ug), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (1.25/23.75 ug), ceftazidime (30 ug), cefepime (30 ug), ampicillin-sulbactam (10–10 ug), aztreonam (30 ug), ciprofloxacin (5 ug), gentamicin (10 ug), and tetracycline (30 ug) (MAST Group Ltd, Merseyside, UK). Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 were used as quality controls strains for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Shoja S., Ansari M., Bengar S., Rafiei A., Shamseddin J, & Alizade H. (2022). Bacteriological characteristics of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae rmpA gene (hvKp-rmpA)-harboring strains in the south of Iran. Iranian Journal of Microbiology, 14(4), 475-483.

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Antibiotic Resistance Profiling of Bacterial Isolates

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The resistance pattern of isolates against 15 antibiotics including 5 fluoroquinolones was determined by disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar (Merck, Germany) as described by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI 2017) guidelines³⁶. The antibiotic disks used were as follows: amikacin (30 μg), aztreonam (30 μg), cefepime (30 μg), ceftazidime (30 μg), ceftriaxone (30 μg), cipr ofloxacin (5 μg), gatifloxacin (5 μg), norfloxacin (5 μg), gentamycin (10 μg), imipenem (10 μg), lev ofloxacin (5 μg), ofloxacin (5 μg), piperacillin (100 μg), piperacillin/tazobactam (100 μg/10 μg), and tobramycin (10 μg) (MAST Co., Berkshire, UK). Drug-resistant patterns were defined as follows: MDR isolates (resistant to at least three antibiotics belonging to different chemical classes), XDR strains (resistant to at least one agent in all but two or fewer antimicrobial groups), and PDR strains (resistant to all antimicrobial classes)^{37 (link)}. E. coli ATCC 25922 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 were used as quality control strains.

Saki M., Farajzadeh Sheikh A., Seyed-Mohammadi S., Asareh Zadegan Dezfuli A., Shahin M., Tabasi M., Veisi H., Keshavarzi R, & Khani P. (2022). Occurrence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from clinical specimens in southwest Iran: a multicentral study. Scientific Reports, 12, 2296.

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for P. aeruginosa

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The antimicrobial susceptibility test was evaluated using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and interpreted based on the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). The antibiotic disks included Imipenem (10 μg), Ceftazidime (30 μg), Piperacillin (100 μg), Gentamicin (10 μg), Amikacin (30 μg), Ciprofloxacin (5 μg), and Tobramycin (10 μg) (MAST Co., England). In this study, P.aeruginosa ATCC 27853 was used as a control strain.

Karampoor M., Akhlaghi F., Mobayen M.R., Afrasiabi F., Khodayary R., Moradzadeh M, & Nikokar I. (2022). Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of metallo-β-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn patients. New Microbes and New Infections, 49-50, 101059.

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Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling of Bacterial Isolates

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The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined by the disk agar diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar (Merck, Germany) according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines²¹. The antibiotics included piperacillin (100 µg), piperacillin-tazobactam (100/10 µg), imipenem (10 µg), meropenem (10 µg), doripenem (10 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), levofloxacin (5 µg), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (1.25-23.75 µg), ceftazidime (30 µg), cefotaxime (30 µg), and cefepime (30 µg) (MAST Co., England). The susceptibility pattern of the isolates against aminoglycosides including kanamycin, amikacin, spectinomycin, netilmicin, gentamicin, streptomycin, and tobramycin was determined using the micro-broth dilution method according to the CLSI guidelines²¹. For interpretation of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, we referred to the CLSI guidelines and previous studies¹^,²¹^,²². Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and A. baumannii ATCC 19606 were used as control strains for antibiotic susceptibility testing.

Jouybari M.A., Ahanjan M., Mirzaei B, & Goli H.R. (2021). Role of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and 16S rRNA methylase (ArmA) in resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates against aminoglycosides. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 54, e05992020.

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Antibiotic Susceptibility of E. coli and K. pneumoniae

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Antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates was carried out using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines [15 ]. Commercially available antibiotic disks (Mast Co., United Kingdom) used in this study included ampicillin, (10 µg), piperacillin (100 µg), piperacillin-tazobactam (100/10 µg), cefoxitin (30 µg), ceftriaxone (30 µg), cefotaxime (30 µg), ceftazidime (30 µg), cefepime (30 µg), cefixime (30 µg), imipenem (10 µg), ertapenem (10 µg), meropenem (10 µg), aztreonam (30 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), levofloxacin (5 µg), ofloxacin (5 µg), moxifloxacin (5 µg), gatifloxacin (5 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), amikacin (30 µg), kanamycin (30 µg), tobramycin (10 µg), tetracycline (30 µg), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (1.25/23.75 µg).

Kharaghani A.A., Harzandi N., Khorsand B., Rajabnia M., Kharaghani A.A, & Houri H. (2023). High prevalence of Mucosa-Associated extended-spectrum β-Lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae among Iranain patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 22, 86.

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Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling of Isolates

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The susceptibility of isolates to antibiotics was determined using disk diffusion according to CLSI guidelines. The antibiotics tested were oxacillin (1 μg), imipenem (10 μg), meropenem (10 μg), clindamycin (2 μg), linezolid (30 μg), vancomycin (5 μg), ampicillin (2 μg), ceftazidime (30 μg), cefotaxime (30 μg), ceftriaxone (30 μg), amikacin (30 μg), gentamicin (10 μg), tigecycline (15 μg), piperacillin (100 μg), piperacillin/tazobactam (110 μg), ampicillin/sulbactam (20 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), levofloxacin (5 μg), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (25 μg), and colistin sulphate (25 μg) (Mast Group Ltd., Bootle, UK).

Mohammadnejad E., Seifi A., Ghanei Gheshlagh R., Aliramezani A., Fattah Ghazi S., Salehi M., Dehghan Manshadi S.A, & Orandi A. (2023). Determine phenotypical patterns of resistance to antibiotics in COVID-19 patients with associated bacterial infection: largest medical center in Iran. Iranian Journal of Microbiology, 15(3), 336-342.

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Methodology

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Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolates was performed by the disk diffusion method for ampicillin (10 μg), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (20/10 μg), piperacillin/tazobactam (30/6 μg), cefuroxime (30 μg), cefotaxime (5 μg), ceftriaxone (30 μg), ceftazidime (10 μg), cefoxitin (30 μg), cefepime (30 μg), ceftazidime/avibactam (10/4 μg), ceftolozane/tazobactam (30/10 μg), imipenem (10 μg), meropenem (10 μg), ertapenem (10 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), levofloxacin (5 μg), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (1.25/23.75 μg), gentamicin (10 μg), and amikacin (30 μg) (Mast Group, UK). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were detected by the gradient strip method for fosfomycin (BioMerieux) and the broth microdilution method for colistin (Microlatest MIC Colistin, Erba Lachema, Czech Republic). Interpretative criteria were based on European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) clinical breakpoint tables, version 11.0.

Rubic Z., Jelic M., Soprek S., Tarabene M., Ujevic J., Goic-Barisic I., Novak A., Radic M., Tambic Andrasevic A, & Tonkic M. (2023). Molecular characterization of colistin resistance genes in a high-risk ST101/KPC-2 clone of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a University Hospital of Split, Croatia. International Microbiology.

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Bacterial Isolates

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Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for the bacterial isolates was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer method, as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). 15 The following antibiotics were tested: imipenem (10 μg), meropenem (10 μg), doripenem (10 μg), ceftazidime (30 μg), cefepime (30 μg), piperacillin (100 μg), piperacillin/tazobactam (100/10 μg), gentamicin (10 μg), amikacin (30 μg), tobramycin (10 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), aztreonam (30 μg), polymyxin B (300 units), and colistin (10 μg) (Mast Group Ltd, UK). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of carbapenems (imipenem [IMI], meropenem [MRP], and doripenem [DOR]) were obtained by an E-test (Liofilchem, Italy), as described in the manufacturer's instructions. Carbapenem resistance was determined based on the MIC breakpoints. When an isolate was resistant to three carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, and doripenem), that isolate was considered high-level carbapenem resistant. If an isolate was resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial agents (i.e., penicillins/cephalosporins, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones), that isolate was considered multidrug resistant (MDR). In accordance with the CLSI guidelines, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 were used as control strains in all susceptibility assays.

Rostami S., Farajzadeh Sheikh A., Shoja S., Farahani A., Tabatabaiefar M.A., Jolodar A, & Sheikhi R. (2018). Investigating of four main carbapenem-resistance mechanisms in high-level carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn patients. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA, 81(2).

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