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12 protocols using goat anti mouse igg

1

Western Blot Protein Analysis

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For Western blot analysis, total proteins from the samples were separated by SDS-PAGE, transferred to nylon membranes and incubated separately with the following primary antibodies: MAPKs family kit/P-MAPKs family kit (dilution of 1: 1000; cat. no. 9926T/9910T, CST, Inc., MA, USA). B-actin (dilution of 1: 2000; cat. no. CW0096, CW BIO, Beijing, China) was used as an internal control. Then, the membranes were incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody, goat anti-rabbit IgG (dilution, 1: 2000; cat. no. CW0103s; CW Bio, Beijing, China) or goat anti-mouse IgG (dilution, 1: 2000; cat. no. CW0102s; CW Bio, Beijing, China) at room temperature for 2 h, and the bands were visualized using chemiluminescence (Pierce Biotechnology, Inc., IL, USA). The images were analyzed using Fusion FX7 (Vilber Lourmat, Marne-la-Vallée, France).
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2

Metformin Modulates Gut Inflammation

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Metformin (MET) was obtained from Sino-American Shanghai Squibb Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All assay kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). Mouse insulin (CSB-E05071m), LPS (CSB-E13066m), IL-18 (CSB-EO4609) and IL-1β (CSB-E08054) ELISA kits were provided by HuaMei Co. (Shanghai, China). Tissue lysates were prepared using radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) lysis buffer (CWBIO) containing a protease/phosphatase inhibitor cocktail. The following primary antibodies were used: TLR4 (Affinity, San Francisco, CA, AF7017), NF-κB p65 (CST, Boston, MA, #8242), phospho-NF-κB p65 (CST, Boston, MA, #3033), NLRP3 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK, ab263899), ASC (Affinity, San Francisco, CA, AF6304), caspase-1 (Affinity, San Francisco, CA, AF5418), ZO-1 (CST, Boston, MA, #8193), occludin (Abcam, Cambridge, UK, ab216327) and β-actin (CWBIO, Beijing, China, CW0096). The secondary antibodies used were goat anti-rabbit IgG (CWBIO, Beijing, China) and goat anti-mouse IgG (CWBIO, Beijing, China).
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3

PRRSV Infection and PARP Inhibition

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MARC-145 cells, plated in 12-well plates, were harvested after infection with PRRSV and treatment with 3-AB or DMSO at the indicated time points. Cell lysates were subjected to 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) followed by blotting onto polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes (Millipore, Massachusetts, USA). The membranes were primarily probed with rabbit anti-PARP antibody (Beyotime), swine anti-PRRSV-1 serum (Liu et al., 2010 ), or mouse anti-β-actin mAb (CWBIO, Beijing, PR China). After washing three times with TBS containing 0.1% Tween-20 (TBST), the membranes were incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (CWBIO), goat anti-swine IgG (Earthox, San Francisco, USA) or goat anti-mouse IgG (CWBIO) at 37 °C for 2 h, respectively. Detection was performed using enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) reagents (CWBIO) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Testicular Proteins

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Total protein was extracted from the frozen testicular tissues into RIPA buffer (Cat. No. CW2333S, CWBIO) that contained a phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (100×, Cat. No. CW2383S, CWBIO) and a protease inhibitor cocktail (100×, Cat. No. CW2200S, CWBIO). The protein concentration was quantified by the Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit (Cat. No. 23227, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Protein lysates (20 μg) were separated with 10% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes (Immobilon-P, IPVH00010, Millipore). Then, the membranes were blocked in a 5% (w/v) nonfat milk solution and incubated with antibodies for UCLH1 (dilution: 1:1000), CYP11A1 (dilution: 1:1000, Cat. No. GTX56293, Genetex, Irvine, CA, USA), SOX9 (dilution: 1:500), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH; dilution: 1:4000, Cat. No. T0004, Affinity, Cincinnati, OH, USA) overnight at 4°C. Finally, the membrane was incubated with the appropriate secondary antibody (goat anti-rabbit IgG, 1:5000, CW0103S, CWBIO; goat anti-mouse IgG, 1:5000, CW0102S, CWBIO) and visualized with an enhancer (ChemiDoc Imaging System, BIO-RAD Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA).
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5

Protein Expression in Optical Tectum

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Animals were anesthetized and the tecta were dissected. The optical tecta (approximately 30–50 brains for each group) were homogenized in radioimmune precipitation assay (RIPA) buffer with a protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma Aldrich) and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF, Solarbio) at 4°C. Protein concentrations were measured by BCA assay using a Nanodrop (Thermo Scientific, 2000c). Protein homogenates were separated by SDS-PAGE (Bio-Rad). PVDF membranes were blocked in 4% non-fat milk for 1 h with TBS buffer containing 0.1% Tween-20 (Sigma Aldrich) (TBST) and incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. Antibodies were diluted in 1% non-fat milk. We used the following antibodies: anti-acetylation H3K9 (1:2000, Rabbit, Abcam, ab10812), anti-GAD67 (1:20000, Rabbit, Sigma, G5163), anti-VGAT (1:2000, Rabbit, ABclonal, A3129), and anti-GAPDH (1:10000, Rabbit, Millipore, GR68497-2). Blots were rinsed with TBST and incubated with the following horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature: goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:2000, CWbiotech, CW0103) and goat anti-mouse IgG (1:2000, CWbiotech, CW0102). Bands were visualized using ECL chemiluminescent (1:1, Pierce).
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6

Protein Expression Analysis in Cell Samples

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The cells were collected and lysated with RIPA buffer (Byotime, Cat# P0013B) complemented with PMSF (Beyotime, Cat# ST506), protease inhibitor (Beyotime, Cat# P1050), and phosphatase inhibitors (Beyotime, Cat# P1096). Protein concentrations were determined using BCA protein assay kit (Thermo, Cat# 23225). SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was carried out in 4–20% precast polyacrylamide gels (Genscript, Nanjing, China, Cat# M00625) and blotted onto polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes. Membranes were blocked for 1 h with 5% skimmed milk powder in TBST and probed overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies: phosphorylated-YAP (1:1000, Danvers, MA, USA, Cell Signaling, CAT#13008), YAP (1:2000, ABclonal, CAT#A1002), MYHC (1:1000, Abcam, CAT# ab37484), GAPDH (1:2000, Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany, CAT# MAB374). Secondary antibodies HRP conjugated goat anti-Rabbit IgG (Cwbiotech, Nanjing, China, Cat# CW0103S) or goat anti-mouse IgG (Cwbiotech, Cat# CW2333S) were diluted at 1:2000. Protein bands were visualized using SuperSignalTM West Pico Chemiluminescent Substrate (Thermo, Carlsbad, CA, USA, Cat# 34580) under ImageQuant 4000 (General Electric, Boston, NY, USA). For protein quantification, Quantity One was used to analyze grayscale values.
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7

Molecular Pathways in Cancer Signaling

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SNS-032 (#S1145) and CDDP (#S1166) were purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Shanghai, China). The antibodies against RNA Pol II (#A300-653A), p-RNA Pol II (S5) (#A304-408A), and p-RNA Pol II (S2) (#A300-654A) were obtained from Bethyl Laboratories (Montgomery, TX). The anti-p-RNA Pol II (S7) (#04-1570) was purchased from EMD Millipore (Billerica, MA). The anti-CDK7 antibody (#2916), anti-CDK9 antibody (#2316), anti-Caspase-3 antibody (#9665), anti-PARP antibody (#9532), anti-Cleaved Caspase-3 antibody (#9664), anti-Bcl-XL antibody (#2762), anti-Bcl-w (31H4) (#2724), anti-XIAP antibody (#2042), anti-Mcl-1 antibody (#5453), anti-Cytochrome c antibody (#4272), anti-AIF antibody (#5318), anti-COX IV antibody (#4850), anti-MMP-2 antibody (#4022), and anti-GFP antibody (#2956) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (CST, Danvers, MA, USA). The antibody against Ki67 (#ab15580) and MMP-1 (#ab137332) were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). The anti-Actin antibody (#4700) was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies including Goat anti-Mouse IgG (#CW0102S) and Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (#CW0103S) were bought from CWBio (Beijing, China).
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8

Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis

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Total protein extraction was carried out by lysing cells with 1× SDS loading buffer and denatured at 95°C for 5 min. The sample volume per lane was 10 μL. The protein samples were separated by SDS-PAGE and then transferred onto PVDF membranes (Millipore, Billerica, USA). After being blocked and washed, the membranes were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies, followed by incubation with the corresponding secondary antibodies. Finally, the membrane was exposed with ECL developer (CW0049M; CWbio, Beijing, China) and processed with ImageJ software (
https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/). The primary antibodies used were as follows: anti-GAPDH (1:1000; CWbio), anti-HDAC6 (1:1000; 12834-1AP; Proteintech), anti-acetylated tubulin (1:1000; T7451; Sigma, St Louis, USA), anti-α-tubulin (1:1000; T6199; Sigma), anti-collagen II (1:1000; ab34712; Abcam), anti-MMP13 (1:1000; Wanleibio, Shenyang, China), and anti-SOX9 (1:1000; ab182579; Abcam). The secondary antibodies were goat anti-mouse IgG (1:4000; CWbio) and goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:4000; CWbio).
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9

Purification and Western Blot Analysis of FoccCSP

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Following electrophoretic separation under denaturing conditions (12.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)), purified FoccCSP was electroblotted onto a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane using a Bio-Rad Transblot transfer system (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). Following treatment with blocking solution (40 ml of PBS, 20 μl of Tween-20, 2 g of nonfat dried milk) overnight at 4°C, the membrane was incubated with anti-His tag mouse monoclonal antibody (Cwbio, Beijing, China) (1:2,000 dilution) for 1 h at 37°C, followed by goat anti-mouse IgG (Cwbio, Beijing, China) (1:2,500 dilution) for 2 h at 37°C. Finally, the protein band was visualized using a BCIP/NBT Alkaline Phosphatase Color Development Kit (Cwbio, Beijing, China).
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10

Western Blot Analysis of Inflammasome Proteins

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In the western blotting analysis, the samples were incubated with the inflammasome antibody sampler kit (cat. no. 32961T, CST Inc., MA, USA), anti-human gasdermin D (cat. no. 96458S, CST Inc., MA, USA), anti-rat IL-1β (cat. no. 500-P80-100, PeproTech, NJ, USA), anti-rat IL-18 (cat. no. ab191860, Abcam, UK), anti-rat caspase-1 (cat. no. ab1872, Abcam, UK), anti-rat collagen II (cat. no. ab34712, Abcam, UK), and anti-rat aggrecan (cat. no. ab36861, Abcam, UK) overnight, then incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody, goat anti-rabbit IgG (1 : 2,000 dilution; cat. no. CW0103s; CW Bio, Beijing, China), or goat anti-mouse IgG (1 : 2,000 dilution; cat. no. CW0102s; CW Bio, Beijing, China) at room temperature for 2 h. GAPDH and β-actin were used as the internal controls. The bands were visualized using chemiluminescence (Pierce Biotechnology Inc., IL, USA) and analyzed using Fusion FX7 (Vilber Lourmat, Marne-la-Vallée, France).
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