To validate the correlation measure for the detection of bulk motion, four abdominal scans of one volunteer were recorded with a video camera (PowerShot SX170IS, Canon Inc., Tokyo, Japan), which was mounted outside the scanner bore. The start of the MR acquisition was determined using the audio signal. Bulk motion was detected in the videos by calculating the sum of absolute differences (SAD) between consecutive frames. When no motion or only slight motion occurs between frames, such as regular breathing, the SAD value is very small. Bulk motion, in contrast, results in a high SAD value. For each scan, the SAD values were plotted over time and visually compared with the corresponding plot of the correlation coefficients.
Powershot sx170 is
Manufactured by Canon
Sourced in Japan
The PowerShot SX170 IS is a digital camera manufactured by Canon. It features a 16.0 megapixel sensor and optical image stabilization technology.
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Lab products found in correlation
5 protocols using powershot sx170 is
1
Validating Bulk Motion Detection in MRI
2
Standardized Wound Monitoring Methodology
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The process of wound formation was monitored by the researcher every 48 hours for 28 days, through an evaluation form that included presence of intact skin, blisters, hyperemia, exudate, bleeding, edema, crust, peeling and granulation tissue(15). At the same time, a database of photographic records (CANON Power Shot SX170IS digital camera with 1/250 speed and distance of 0.7) was prepared to assist in interpreting evolution of the wounds. Angle and distance of the photographs were calculated by a professional photographer from the Botucatu Medical School, in order to standardize the images.
3
Validating Motion Detection Correlation
4
Seed Germination Frequency Evaluation
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Surface-grown seeds or seedlings in the Petri dishes were photographed using a Canon camera (PowerShot SX170 IS) on a copy stand five or six days after planting. Other micrographs were taken on a Nikon dissecting microscope (SMZ1000) or a Nikon compound microscope (Eclipse 80i) equipped with a digital camera (DS-Ri1) using NIS Elements (BR 4.40.00).
To determine the seed germination frequency of a genotype, seeds were put on the water or 1-µM-GA (Quick-Dissolve™, GoldBio, St Louis, MO, U.S.A.)-moistened filter paper in an upside down Petri dish incubated in a growth chamber. Germinated and ungerminated seeds were scored under a dissecting scope at the times of 58- and 72-h imbibition with water or at the times of 46- and 64-h imbibition with the GA solution. Seed germination frequency was calculated as the percentage of germinated seeds out of the total seeds scored. A seed is considered germinated when the seed coat was broken and part of the white radicle, no matter how small it was, could be seen. When necessary, a seed was gently flipped over with a fine syringe needle to confirm whether the emergence of the radicle was on the underside of the seed. More than 100 seeds were counted to arrive at each germination frequency value and three or more lines for each genotype were tested two or more times.
To determine the seed germination frequency of a genotype, seeds were put on the water or 1-µM-GA (Quick-Dissolve™, GoldBio, St Louis, MO, U.S.A.)-moistened filter paper in an upside down Petri dish incubated in a growth chamber. Germinated and ungerminated seeds were scored under a dissecting scope at the times of 58- and 72-h imbibition with water or at the times of 46- and 64-h imbibition with the GA solution. Seed germination frequency was calculated as the percentage of germinated seeds out of the total seeds scored. A seed is considered germinated when the seed coat was broken and part of the white radicle, no matter how small it was, could be seen. When necessary, a seed was gently flipped over with a fine syringe needle to confirm whether the emergence of the radicle was on the underside of the seed. More than 100 seeds were counted to arrive at each germination frequency value and three or more lines for each genotype were tested two or more times.
5
Leaf Area Determination with Corrected ImageJ
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For determination of leaf area with digital analysis, leaves were photographed under white background with a fixed scale of 10 cm. The camera used was a Canon ® , model PowerShot SX170 IS. For the analysis, the free software ImageJ (Schindelin et al., 2015) (link) was used. First the image was indexed to 8 bit, with 256 shades of gray to increase the contrast, and in sequence was performed on binary processing and recognition of the scale (Figure 2). Finally, the area was determined using the Measure tool from the Analyze menu. However, the method by ImageJ was necessary to make a correction, due to errors related to the curvature of the camera lens, to avoid underestimation. The area was determined by the method with square images of known areas and a correction equation was determined (Figure 3). The method with the corrected data was named the corrected ImageJ.
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