H2so4

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States, Belgium, United Kingdom, Germany

H2SO4, commonly known as sulfuric acid, is a clear, colorless, and highly corrosive liquid chemical compound. It is a widely used laboratory reagent that serves as a powerful acid, oxidizing agent, and dehydrating agent.

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Lab products found in correlation

68 protocols using h2so4

Characterization of Fruit and Vegetable Samples

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‘Jonagold’ apples (Malus domestica), yellow onions (Allium cepa), ‘Nerac’ carrots (Daucus carota) and ‘Hokkaido’ pumpkins (Cucurbita maxima) were bought at a local shop.
Technical ethanol (99%), technical acetone, Na₂CO₃ and NaOH pellets were bought from VWR (Leuven, Belgium). HCl, NaOH (0.1 M), H₂SO₄ (concentration ≥ 95% w/w) and disodium tetraborate decahydrate were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Merelbeke, Belgium). Rhamnose monohydrate, 3-phenylphenol and HNO₃ were bought from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). H₂SO₄ (72% w/w) and NaOH (50% w/w) were obtained from Alfa Aesar (Kandel, Germany) and J.T. Baker (Gliwice, Poland), respectively. Galacturonic acid monohydrate and fucose were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (Diegem, Belgium), arabinose from Fluka Biochemika (Buchs, Switzerland), galactose from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), glucose monohydrate from Riedel-de-Haën (Seelze, Germany), xylose from UCB (Leuven, Belgium) and mannose from Fluka Analytical (Buchs, Switzerland). The ultrapure water (organic free, 18.2 MΩ·cm resistance) was provided by a SimplicityTM 150 system. Unless otherwise mentioned, all chemicals used were of analytical grade.

Van Audenhove J., Bernaerts T., Putri N.I., Okello E.O., Van Rooy L., Van Loey A.M, & Hendrickx M.E. (2021). Microstructural and Texturizing Properties of Partially Pectin-Depleted Cell Wall Material: The Role of Botanical Origin and High-Pressure Homogenization. Foods, 10(11), 2644.

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Characterization of Gypsum-Based Construction Materials

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Mineral gypsum (MG) and commercial stucco (CS) currently used in plasterboard manufacturing were provided as fine powders by a UK plasterboard supplier. MG was used for comparison purposes and to define the criterion for the calculation of the chemical purity of the samples through X-ray fluorescence. CS was produced in a continuous calciner at 150 °C and was used as reference to evaluate stuccos obtained from gypsum from post-consumer plasterboard waste before and after acid leaching purification. Sulfuric acid (H
₂SO
₄, Fisher Chemicals, certified analytical reagent, minimum purity 95 vol%) and distilled or purified water were used to prepare the H
₂SO
₄ solutions to carry out the acid leaching tests. Calcium hydroxide powder (Ca(OH)
₂, Acros Organics, ACS reagent, purity > 95 wt%) was used in neutralization and wastewater treatment tests.

Castro-Diaz M., Osmani M., Cavalaro S., Needham P., Parker B, & Lovato T. (2024). Acid leaching technology for post-consumer gypsum purification. Open Research Europe, 3, 148.

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Electrolytes for Bulk CO2 Reduction

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The following chemicals were used to prepare the electrolytes for bulk CO₂ electrolysis: Cs₂SO₄ (Sigma Aldrich, 98%), Li₂SO₄ (Sigma Aldrich, 98%), KHCO₃ (Acros Organics, 99.5%), H₂SO₄ (Acros Organics, for analysis ACS, 95% solution in water).

Monteiro M.C., Philips M.F., Schouten K.J, & Koper M.T. (2021). Efficiency and selectivity of CO2 reduction to CO on gold gas diffusion electrodes in acidic media. Nature Communications, 12, 4943.

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Adsorption Experiments Using Sulfuric and Phosphoric Acids

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For the adsorption experiments, H₂SO₄ (Acros, 96% in H₂O) and H₃PO₄ (Sigma-Aldrich, München, Germany, 85% in H₂O) were used as received without further purification.

Borchert K.B., Steinbach C., Reis B., Gerlach N., Zimmermann P., Schwarz S, & Schwarz D. (2021). Mesoporous Poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde) Particles for Efficient and Selective Phosphate and Sulfate Removal. Molecules, 26(21), 6615.

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BoNT/A Detection Assay Protocol

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NaCl (Sigma),
HEPES (Sigma),
EDTA (Sigma), CaCl₂ (Sigma), NaCN (Sigma), NaOH (Sigma),
H₂SO₄ (Acros Organics), 2-mercaptoethylamine-HCl
(2-MEA, Thermo Scientific), sulfosuccinimidyl 4-[N-maleimidomethyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (sulfo-SMCC, Thermo Scientific),
BupH Phosphate Buffered Saline Packs (Fisher Scientific), 3-cyanopropyldimethylchlorosilane
(Gelest), and 3-aminopropyldimethylethoxysilane (Gelest) were used
as received. Acetonitrile (Sigma) was stored over a 3 Å molecular
sieve. Cleaved SNAP-25 (cSNAP-25, Antibodies-Online) was received
as a lyophilized powder, diluted to 1 mg/mL in H₂O, and
stored at −20 °C when not in use. Monoclonal antibody
(IgG) specific to the cleaved form of SNAP-25 (anti-cSNAP-25, Antibodies-Online)
from a murine host was received as a cell supernatant, stored at −20
°C when not in use, and purified (Antibody Clean-up Kit, Pierce)
prior to use. Interferent species (used for control experiments) include
TCEP (Sigma) and monoclonal antibody specific to BoNT/A LC (R&D
Antibodies), which were used as received, and uncleaved SNAP-25 (Creative
BioMart), BoNT/A LC (List Laboratories), and BoNT/A (Metabiologics)
were filtered via centrifugation prior to use. All aqueous solutions
were prepared using H₂O (18 MΩ·cm) from a Barnstead
E-pure water purification system.

Schibel A.E, & Ervin E.N. (2014). Antigen Detection via the Rate of Ion Current Rectification Change of the Antibody-Modified Glass Nanopore Membrane. Langmuir, 30(37), 11248-11256.

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Synthesis of TiO2-Aniline Composites

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TiO₂ (P-25, Aeroxide) from Evonik (Degussa, Essen, Germany), aniline (An, 99%), ammonium persulfate (APS) and H₂SO₄ (96%) from Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ, USA) were used to synthesize samples. The chemicals were used as received, without any additional pre-treatment.

Gilja V., Novaković K., Travas-Sejdic J., Hrnjak-Murgić Z., Kraljić Roković M, & Žic M. (2017). Stability and Synergistic Effect of Polyaniline/TiO2 Photocatalysts in Degradation of Azo Dye in Wastewater. Nanomaterials, 7(12), 412.

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Mechanically Activated Cellulose Characterization

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The following inorganic and organic chemicals were used in this work without any preliminary purification: H 2 SO 4 (96%, extra pure, Acros Organics), NaOH (high purity, Ekros), HNO 3 (high purity, 18-4, Reakhim, Russia), acetic acid (Acros Organics), formic acid (98%, Panreac), D-glucose (99%, Fisher Chemical), D-fructose (> 99%, Sigma-Aldrich), D-mannose (> 99%, Sigma-Aldrich), D-cellobiose (> 99%, Alfa Aesar), 5-hydoxymethylfurfural (> 98%, Sigma-Aldrich), levulinic acid (98%, Acros Organics) and furfural (> 99%, Sigma-Aldrich). Milli-Q water (Millipore, France) was used for preparing all the solutions.
Mechanically activated microcrystalline cellulose (13 ± 6 μm, crystallinity ca. 37%, Vekton, Russia) was used in all the experiments. Cellulose activation and characterization techniques were the same as discussed previously (Gromov et al. 2016 (link)(Gromov et al. , 2017 (link)(Gromov et al. , 2018;; (link)Pestunov et al. 2015) (link).

Aymonier C., Gromov N.V., Taran O.P, & Parmon V.N. (2021). Hydrolysis–dehydration of cellulose to glucose and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over Sibunit solid acid carbon catalysts under semi-flow conditions. Wood Sci Technol., 55(3).

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Trichoderma reesei Bioprocess for HFBI Production

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Production of HFBI was performed using a native strain of Trichoderma reesei. The strain MUCL 44908 (BCCM/MUCL Agro-Food & Environmental Fungal Collection, Belgium) was purchased and maintained on potato dextrose agar (Merck, Germany) at 25 °C. Inoculum and cultivation medium was prepared as previously described [18] . The strain was cultivated in fed-batch mode using a 5 l bioreactor (BIOFLO 3000, New Brunswick). Bioproduction was started at a working volume of 2.5 l and after 30 hours of cultivation, the feed containing 40% glucose was initiated. The feed was added at a rate of 0.25 ml.min -1 for 90 hours. During cultivation, temperature and pH were automatically controlled. Temperature was set at 30 °C and pH was kept at 4.75 using 2.6 M NH 4 OH (Brenntag, Belgium) and 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 (Acros Organics, Belgium). Agitation was set at 400 rpm and aeration was kept constant at 2.5 l.min -1 . The cell concentration during production was determined as previously described [18] . The bioproduction was stopped after 120 hours.

Vereman J., Thysens T., Van Impe J., Derdelinckx G, & Van de Voorde I. (2021). Improved extraction and purification of the hydrophobin HFBI. Biotechnology journal, 16(11).

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Comprehensive Chemical Reagents Procurement

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MgCl2•6H2O (98%), NaCl (98%), NaClO4•H2O (98%), NaF (99%), Mg(NO3)2•6H2O, KSCN (99%), LiNO3 (99%) and D2O (99.9 atom% D) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Diegem, Belgium). CaCl2•2H2O (99.5%), NaNO3 (99%), Na2SO4 (99%), Ca(NO3)2•4H2O (99%), KNO3 (99%), NH4NO3 (99%) and HNO3 (65%) were purchased from Chem-Lab (Zedelgem, Belgium). KCl (99.5%) and NaI (99.5%) were purchased from AppliChem (Darmstadt, Germany) and LiCl (99%) from Fisher Chemical (Loughborough, UK). CsCl (99%), NaBr (99.5%), NH4Cl (99.5%), H2SO4 (96%), HClO4 (70%), HCl (37%) and 1,4-dioxane (99.9%) were obtained from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). The silicone solution in isopropanol was purchased from SERVA Electrophoresis GmbH (Heidelberg, Germany). All chemicals were used as received without further purification.

Dupont D., Depuydt D, & Binnemans K. (2015). Overview of the effect of salts on biphasic ionic liquid/water solvent extraction systems: anion exchange, mutual solubility, and thermomorphic properties. The journal of physical chemistry. B, 119(22).

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Synthesis and Characterization of Metallic Nanoparticles

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NaNO₃ (>99.0% pure, Sigma Aldrich), NaClO₄ (>98.0% pure, Sigma Aldrich), NaCl (biological grade, Fischer Scientific), H₂SO₄ (99.9999% pure, Alfa Aesar), and Na₂SO₄ (99.9955% pure, Alfa Aesar) were used as received and diluted in Millipore water (>1 MΩ resistivity). NaNO₃ and H₂SO₄ were used as scavengers, NaClO₄ for electrochemical roughening and as a background electrolyte, and NaCl and Na₂SO₄ as background electrolytes. Colloidally synthesized nanoparticles (100 nm BioPure Silver Nanospheres, Nanocomposix, and 100 nm BioPure Gold, Nanocomposix) were concentrated by centrifuging 1.5 mL of nanosphere solution at 10,000 rpm for 10 min. 1 mL of supernatant was decanted off and the nanoparticles were redispersed in the remaining supernatant by sonication for 2 min. SEM revealed that the actual sizes were 95 nm and 94 nm for the silver and gold nanospheres, respectively (SI Appendix, Fig. S16).

Al-Zubeidi A., Ostovar B., Carlin C.C., Li B.C., Lee S.A., Chiang W.Y., Gross N., Dutta S., Misiura A., Searles E.K., Chakraborty A., Roberts S.T., Dionne J.A., Rossky P.J., Landes C.F, & Link S. (2023). Mechanism for plasmon-generated solvated electrons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 120(3), e2217035120.

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