Il 1β

SFO microinjection of TNF-α, IL-1β, Losartan, captopril
and NS-398 was performed via a 35-gauge cannula inserted in a 30-gauge guide
cannula that was placed 0.9 mm posterior to bregma, along the midline of the
skull (see the online data
supplement for details). TNF-α and IL-1β were
purchased from Fitzgerald (Acton, MA) and Millipore (Billerica, MA),
respectively. Losartan and captopril were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO).
All these drugs were dissolved in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) for SFO
microinjection. NS-398 was purchased from Tocris (Ellisville, MO), and was first
dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and then diluted in aCSF to make a
5% final DMSO concentration.

Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (50:50 and 75:25 PLGA) was acquired from Evonik Industries. Poly ethylene-maleic acid (PEMA), poly vinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan, Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (DPBS), and N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethyl carbodiimide (EDAC) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich. DiO and NeutrAvidin protein were acquired from Thermo Fisher. Sialyl Le^a-PAA-biotin (SLe^a) was acquired from GlycoTech. Cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA-PE) was obtained from Miltenyi Biotec. Fluorescein rabbit antimouse IgG-1 was purchased from Jackson Immunoresearch. MESF calibration bead was purchased from Bangslab. IL-1β was acquired from Fitzgerald. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and endothelial growth medium-2 (EGM-2 medium) were purchased from Lonza. Colorimetric cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) reagent was obtained from Dojindo Molecular Technologies. All reagent grade organic solvents were purchased from VWR.