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4 protocols using polyclonal chicken anti gfap

1

Multimodal Apoptosis and Necrosis Assay

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TUNEL assay was performed using the ApopTag® Plus in situ apoptosis fluorescein S7111 detection kit (Sigma) according to the manufacturer’s protocol, following instructions for a combined IF staining. Sections were treated with TrueBlack® (Biotium) after antigen retrieval to decrease autofluorescence, followed by staining with the following primary antibodies: polyclonal guinea pig anti-MAP2 (Synaptic Systems, 1:300), polyclonal chicken anti-GFAP (Abcam, 1:500), polyclonal rabbit anti-CC3 (cleaved caspase 3 protein; Cell Signalling Technology, 1:300), polyclonal rabbit anti-pMLKL (phosphorylation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein; Abcam, 1:250) and monoclonal mouse anti-GSDMD (gasdermin D protein; Abnova, 1:250). Subsequently, slides were incubated with the following secondary antibodies (Invitrogen): AF555-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG (1:250), AF647-conjugated goat anti-guinea pig IgG (1:250), AF647-conjugated goat anti-chicken IgG (1:250) or AF647 goat anti-mouse IgG2a (1:250), respectively.
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2

Astrocyte Culture Characterization by ICC

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To verify the cellular content, primary astrocyte cultures were subjected to immunocytochemical staining on day 21 of culture development in vitro (DIV) (Supplementary Materials 1, Supplementary Materials Figure S1). The cultures were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min at room temperature, followed by incubation with a solution of 0.2% Triton X-100/PBS for effective cell permeabilization. For immunofluorescence reactions, the cultures were then incubated for 2 h in the presence of a polyclonal chicken anti-GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein, marker of differentiated astrocytes) primary antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, UK, 1:1000 dilution) and polyclonal goat anti βIII-tubulin (marker of differentiated neurons) primary antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, UK, 1:750 dilution). Next, the cultures were subjected to a 45-min incubation in the following secondary antibody mixture: mouse anti-chicken Alexa 647 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA, 1:100 dilution) and rabbit anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 555 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA, 1:100 dilution). The stained material was observed using a Zeiss 510 NLO fluorescence confocal microscope (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany).
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Immunohistochemical Analysis of Neural Markers

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Immunohistochemistry was carried out as previously described (Goncalves et al., 2005 (link)).
Antibodies used were: mouse monoclonal anti-βIII tubulin (Promega, 1:1000); chicken polyclonal anti-GFAP (Abcam, 1:300); rabbit polyclonal anti-GFAP (DAKO, 1:2500); mouse monoclonal anti-GFAP (Sigma, 1:100); rabbit polyclonal anti-RARβ (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., 1:100); Rabbit polyclonal anti-NG2 (Millipore, 1:100); goat polyclonal anti-aldehyde dehydrogenase1A2 (Raldh2) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., 1:100); goat polyclonal anti-alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV) (ADH7) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., 1:50); chicken polyclonal anti-microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) (Abcam, 1:1000); mouse monoclonal AC15 anti-beta actin (1:10,000, Sigma-Aldrich), rabbit polyclonal anti-AIP1/Alix (1:1000 for western blotting and 1:100 for immunocytochemistry, Millipore); anti-Calnexin antibody (1:1000 Abcam); chicken polyclonal anti-GFP antibody (Abcam, 1:500). Secondary antibodies for immunohistochemistry were AlexaFluor™ 594, AlexaFluor™ 488 and AlexaFluor™ 647 (1:1000, Molecular Probes, Life Technologies). DAPI was used to stain nuclei (1 μg/mL, Sigma Aldrich).
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4

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Cerebellar Vermis

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For immunohistochemistry, mice were perfused transcardially with a fixative containing 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer after being anesthetized by Zoletil (50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (Virbac, Carros, France). The whole brain was removed and postfixed in the same fixative for 5–6 h or overnight. The cerebellar vermis was cut into 50-µm sagittal sections. The sections were treated with rabbit monoclonal anti-calbindin D-28 k (1:500, Cloud Clone Corp., China), chicken polyclonal anti-GFAP (1:1000, Abcam, UK), rabbit polyclonal anti-Flag (1:500, Cloud Clone Corp., China) or anti-S100β (1:500, Cloud Clone Corp., China) antibodies and then visualized with Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated donkey anti-mouse t IgG (1:1000, Life Technologies), Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG (1:1000, Life Technologies) or Alexa Fluor 647-conjugated goat anti-chicken IgG (1:1000, Life Technologies). The antibodies were dissolved in a PBS solution containing 2% (v/v) normal donkey serum, 0.1% (v/v) Triton X-100, and 0.05% NaN3. Confocal fluorescence images of the cerebellar slices were obtained from the corresponding region of the cerebellum for comparison. Fluorescent images were obtained using FV10i Confocal Microscope (Olympus, Japan). Images were recorded as Z-stacks using ×10 objective and 1024 × 1024 resolution.
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