Naringenin

Tomatoes with uniform size and maturity were purchased from a local market in Chongqing, China. The selected tomatoes were stored at 4 °C before tomato paste production. All-trans lycopene, lutein, β-carotene, galacturonic acid (GalA), arabinose (Ara), lactose (Lac), galactose (Gal), rhamnose (Rha), fucose (Fuc), xylose (Xyl), acetonitrile of chromatography grade, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Rutin, quercetin, naringenin, naringenin-7-O-glucoside, protocatechuic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, gentistic acid and chlorogenic acid were obtained from Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Co. Ltd. (Chengdu, China). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (MEIMIAN) was purchased from Huyu Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent was obtained from Solarbio Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) was obtained from Adamas Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Dichloromethane and n-butanol of chromatography grade and other chemicals of analytical grade were purchased from Chuandong Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Chongqing, China).

Bovine thrombin was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, naringenin, apigenin, baicalein, catechin, and epicatechin were purchased from Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Protocatechuic acid and dihydroquercetin were purchased from Push Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Gallic acid was the product of Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) was obtained from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). HCl and acetone were analytical grade reagents and purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Reagent Factory (Chengdu, China).