Recombinant human il 6 rhil 6

Autophagy inducer PP242 was purchased from Selleck chemicals (Houston, TX). Anti-CXCR4-APC (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, anti-VLA-4-APC (BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA) and anti-VCAM-1-APC (Biolegend, San Diego, CA) were used for FACs analysis. The following antibodies were used for Western blot: anti-Gli1 (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA), anti-Gli2 (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX), anti-Ptch1 (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX), anti-FAK (AbCam, Cambridge, MA), anti-phospho-FAK (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA), anti-paxillin (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA), anti-phospho-paxillin (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA), anti-SDF-1 (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX), anti-IL-6 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN), anti-LC3 (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO), and anti-GAPDH (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA). Recombinant human SDF-1 (rhSDF-1) was purchased from Pepro Tech (Rocky Hill, NJ), and recombinant human IL-6 (rhIL-6) was purchased from R&D System (Minneapolis, MN). CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100, 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein-diacetate (DCH-FDA, 50MG), ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), FITC-labeled phalloidin, l-alpha-lysophosphatidylcholine, and autophagy inhibitor 3-MA were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO).

Linoleic acid, sodium taurocholate (TC) and other chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Recombinant human IL-6 (r-h-IL-6) and recombinant human TNF-α (r-h-TNF-α) were purchased from R&D Systems, Inc. (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Dulbecco’s modified essential medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS) and antibiotic: antimycotic mixture were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Carlsbad, CA, USA).