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4 protocols using sigmaultra

1

Synovial Fluid Analysis via FTIR

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Synovial fluid samples were thawed at 22 °C and dried-films were prepared as described previously with the following modifications [19 ]. An internal spectroscopic control of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN, SigmaUltra, Sigma-Aldrich Inc, St Louis, MO) in a 2:1 SF to KSCN ratio (40:20 μL) was used. Six, 8 μL replicates for each sample was applied to 96-well silicon microplates [19 ,34 ]. Each microplate was dried at room temperature (20–22 °C) and then placed in the multi-sampler (HTS-XT, Autosampler, Bruker Optics, Milton, ON, Canada) attachment of an IR spectrometer (Tensor 37, Bruker Optics). Infrared absorbance spectra in the wavenumber range of 400 to 4000 cm−1 were recorded using the OPUS software (version 6.5, Bruker Optics, GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany). For each sample evaluation, 512 interferograms were signal averaged and were Fourier transformed to produce a nominal resolution of 4 cm−1 for the resulting spectrum [20 (link),21 (link),34 ].
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2

Detailed Isotopic Analysis Protocol

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The internal standard, sodium sulphite-34S (Na234SO3, 95%), in addition to formaldehyde (37%), toluene, ammonium acetate (Sigma Ultra, minimum 98%) and sodium sulphite (Na2SO3, ≥ 98%) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). LC-MS-grade acetonitrile, water and methanol, in addition to glacial acetic acid, ethanol, methylene chloride, hydrogen peroxide (30%), sodium hydroxide (certified 0.1 and 0.01 N), potassium hydroxide pellets (85%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate, barium chloride, concentrated phosphoric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid, were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). Methyl red from Mallinckrodt Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA) was used in the MW titration. Samples were diluted and extracted using 18 MΩ water obtained from an Aqua Solutions water purification system (Jasper, GA, USA). Fresh vegetables and all ingredients used for making garlic products were purchased from grocery stores located in Greenbelt, MD, USA. All food samples were stored according to the manufacturers’ suggested storage conditions.
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3

Plasma Neurotransmitter Quantification by HPLC-ECD

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Plasma levels of NE, Epi, DA, HVA, serotonin, and 5-HIAA were measured by HPLC-ECD (18 (link)), after de-proteinization of plasma samples with perchloric acid. Chromatographic separation was carried out on Column—HR-80 (RP—C18), 4.6 mm × 80 mm; 3 mm; 120A (ESA, Inc.). The mobile phase consisted of 100 mM LiH2PO4, 1.5 mM 1-octanesulfonic acid (OSA, ion-pair reagent, SigmaUltra, Sigma-Aldrich), 10% (v/v) methanol (HPLC grade, J. T. Baker, Phillipsburg, NJ, USA) and was delivered at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The electrochemical detector (ECD), Coulochem II-ESA Model 5200A equipped with conditioning (ESA Model, 5021) and analytical cell (ESA Model, 5011), was used at applied potential (millivolts); conditioning cell = +10; analytical cell, E1 = +50; E2 = +340. Recoveries of the assay were between the range of 96 and 105% and the precision (six repeats) was between the ranges of 2.0 and 3.6%.
Some of parameter units were converted from the units provided in manufacturer’s product datasheet to these units, such as fT3.
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4

Infrared Spectroscopy of Serum Samples

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Serum samples were thawed at 22 C and dried-films prepared as described previously 18 . Briefly, for each sample, an aliquot was drawn and diluted in a potassium thiocyanate (KSCN, SigmaUltra, Sigma-Aldrich Inc, St Louis, MO) solution (4 g/L) as an internal control in a 2:1 serum-to-KSCN ratio (40:20 mL). Replicate (8 mL Â 6) dry films were made for each sample on a 96-well silicon microplate 20 . After drying at room temperature (20e22 C), the microplate was mounted in a multi-sampler (HTS-XT, Autosampler, Bruker Optics, Milton, ON, Canada) interfaced to the infrared spectrometer (Tensor 37, Bruker Optics). Mid-infrared absorbance spectra in the range of 400 to 4,000 cm À1 were recorded with proprietary software (OPUS software, version 6.5, Bruker Optics, GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany). For each acquisition, 512 interferograms (scans) were signal averaged, and Fourier transformed to generate a spectrum with a nominal resolution of 4 cm À119,20,31 . Spectral acquisition for all samples each with 6 replicates was performed during the same time period.
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