All solvents, reagents, and standards used were of analytical grade. Of these, 99.9% acetonitrile, 36.5–38% hydrochloric acid, >98% formic acid, cyanidin 3-O-galactoside chloride, cyanidin 3-O-arabinoside chloride, peonidin 3-O-galactoside chloride, and peonidin 3-O-arabinoside chloride were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich GmbH (Bethesda, MD, USA). Hyperoside, rutin, quercitrin, phloridzin, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, and chlorogenic acid standards were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France), reynoutrin, (+)-catechin, and (−)-epicatechin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich GmbH (Steinheim, Germany), and avicularin, procyanidin C1, and isoquercitrin were purchased from Chromadex (Santa Ana, CA, USA). Additionally, 96% ethanol was obtained from Stumbras AB (Kaunas, Lithuania), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was purchased from Vaseline-Fabrik Rhenania (Bonn, Germany). Purified deionized water used in the tests was prepared with the Milli-Q® (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) water purification system.
Procyanidin c1
Manufactured by ChromaDex
Sourced in Germany, United States, France
Procyanidin C1 is a natural compound extracted from various plant sources. It is a type of proanthocyanidin, a class of polyphenolic compounds. Procyanidin C1 has been studied for its potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Catechin, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Epicatechin, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Hyperoside, by Extrasynthese (5 mentions)
Quercitrin, by Extrasynthese (5 mentions)
Avicularin, by ChromaDex (5 mentions)
Rutin, by Extrasynthese (5 mentions)
Procyanidin b2, by Extrasynthese (4 mentions)
Milli q, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Reynoutrin, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Phloridzin, by Extrasynthese (4 mentions)
Isoquercitrin, by ChromaDex (4 mentions)
Chlorogenic acid, by Extrasynthese (4 mentions)
Procyanidin b1, by Extrasynthese (4 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Procyanidin b2, by ChromaDex (3 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Milli q system, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Chlorogenic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
9 protocols using procyanidin c1
1
Analytical Standards for Phenolic Compounds
2
Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation Protocol
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Distilled water was purified using a Milli–Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Ethanol (96%) was obtained from Vilniaus degtine (Vilnius, Lithuania). Anhydrous acetic acid (99.8%), hydrochloric acid (37%) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Buchs, Switzerland). The following reagents were used: 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 2,4,6-Tri-(2-pyridyl)-S-triazine (TPTZ), ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3 × 6 H2O), sodium acetate (CH3COONa), 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-bis-(4-phenyl-sulfonic acid)-1,2,4-triazine (Ferrozine), obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Buchs, Switzerland); potassium persulfate (K2S2O8), anhydrous ferrous chloride (FeCl2) from Alfa Aesar (Karlsruhe, Germany). The following standards were used: 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), quercetin, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, procyanidin A2 from Sigma–Aldrich (Buchs, Switzerland); arbutin, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland); hyperoside, astragalin, rutin, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, quercitrin from Extrasynthese (Genay, France); procyanidin C1, avicularin from ChromaDex (Irvine, CA, USA). All the reagents and standards were of analytical grade.
3
Polyphenol Quantification and Antioxidant Assays
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Procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2 and procyanidin C1 were acquired from Chromadex (Irvine, California, USA). (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, quercetin glucoside, phloridzin, chlorogenic acid, horseradish peroxidase type I, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ABTS (2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), potassium persulfate, potassium chloride (KCl), cupric sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O), hexamine, murexide, phloroglucinol, sodium carbonate, ascorbic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, ethanol, acetone, and methanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis MO, USA). Acetonitrile and hydrochloric acid were acquired from J.T. Baker (Edo. de Méx., México). Deionized water (18 MΩ•cm−1) was prepared with a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
4
Quantification of Polyphenolic Compounds
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US Pharmacopeia reference standard compounds, including trans-RSV, (+)-catechin, (–)-epicatechin, gallic acid, 3-hydroxytyrosol, isochlorogenic acid, 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 4-methyl gallic acid, 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, dihydromyricetin, syringic acid, resveratrol-3-glucoside, dihydroferulic acid, sinapic acid, taxifolin, ferulic acid, 3-hydrocinnamic acid, phenylacetic acid, and trans-2-hydrocinnamic acid, were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Primary analytical standard (Grade P) compounds, including procyanidin B2, procyanidin C1, quercetin, and cyanidin-3-glucoside, were purchased from ChromaDex (Irvine, CA, USA). The HPLC grade water, acetonitrile (ACN), methanol (MeOH), formic acid (FA), and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were obtained from Fisher Scientific Co. (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA).
5
Quantification of Polyphenolic Compounds
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All solvents, reagents, and standards used were of analytical grade. Acetonitrile and acetic acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich GmbH (Buchs, Switzerland), ethanol was obtained from AB Stumbras (Kaunas, Lithuania), hyperoside, rutin, quercitrin, phloridzin, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2 and chlorogenic acid standards were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France), reynoutrin, (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin–from Sigma-Aldrich GmbH (Steinheim, Germany), and avicularin, procyanidin C1 and isoquercitrin–from Chromadex (Santa Ana, CA, USA). Purified deionized water used in the tests was prepared with the Milli-Q® (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) water purification system.
6
Preparation of Polyphenol Standards
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(+)-Catechin, (−)-epicatechin, (−)-gallocatechin-3-O-gallate, (−)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, procyanidin
C1, and procyanidin A2 were obtained from Chromadex,
Inc. (Irvine, CA, USA). The standards were vacuum-dried using a vacuum
drying box (National Appliance Co., Portland, OR, USA) at 110 °C
until a constant weight was reached (about 24 h). These dried standards
were used to determine the MRRF that were used for calibration.25 (link)
C1, and procyanidin A2 were obtained from Chromadex,
Inc. (Irvine, CA, USA). The standards were vacuum-dried using a vacuum
drying box (National Appliance Co., Portland, OR, USA) at 110 °C
until a constant weight was reached (about 24 h). These dried standards
were used to determine the MRRF that were used for calibration.25 (link)
7
Analysis of Polyphenol Compounds in Food
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All solvents, reagents, and standards used were of analytical grade. Acetonitrile, acetic acid, D(+)-glucose monohydrate, hypromellose, AerosilTM 200, microcrystalline cellulose, silicon dioxide and starch were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich GmbH (Buchs, Switzerland), and ethanol was obtained from Stumbras AB (Kaunas, Lithuania). Hyperoside, rutin, quercitrin, phloridzin, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, and chlorogenic acid standards were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France), reynoutrin, (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich GmbH (Buchs, Switzerland), and avicularin, procyanidin C1, and isoquercitrin were purchased from Chromadex (Santa Ana, USA). In this study, we used deionized water produced by the Milli-Q® (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) water purification system.
8
Comprehensive Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Evaluation
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All solvents, reagents, and standards used were of analytical grade. Acetonitrile and acetic acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich GmbH (Buchs, Switzerland) and ethanol from AB Stumbras (Kaunas, Lithuania). Hyperoside, rutin, quercitrin, phloridzin, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, and chlorogenic acid standards were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France); reynoutrin, (+)-catechin, and (−)-epicatechin from Sigma-Aldrich GmbH (Steinheim, Germany); and avicularin, procyanidin C1, and isoquercitrin from Chromadex (Santa Ana, CA, USA). Purified deionized water used in the tests was prepared with the Milli-Q® (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) water purification system.
The reagents used in antioxidant activity assays—6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and sodium acetate—were obtained from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain), 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) was obtained from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany), and iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O) from Vaseline-Fabrik Rhenania (Bonn, Germany).
The reagents used in antioxidant activity assays—6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and sodium acetate—were obtained from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain), 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) was obtained from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany), and iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O) from Vaseline-Fabrik Rhenania (Bonn, Germany).
9
Analytical LC-MS Phenolic Standards
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Water, methanol, acetonitrile, 2-propanol and formic acid were of Optima® LC/MS grade (Fisher Scientific, Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Glacial acetic acid provided by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) was of Suprapur® quality. Sodium fluoride (Fluka Chemie, Buchs, Switzerland) and ascorbic and formic acid (Panreac, Barcelona, Spain) were of ACS grade.
The phenolic standards (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, ferulic acid, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, isorhamnetin, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside were supplied by Extrasynthèse (Genay, France); procyanidin C1, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside and quercetin-3-Oarabinofuranoside, by Chromadex (Santa Ana, CA, USA); caffeic acid, 5 ´-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA), p-coumaric acid, phloretin, phloretin-2′-O-glucoside and quercetin, by Sigma-Aldrich Chemie (Steinheim, Germany); phloretin-2′-O-xylosylglucoside, by Polyphenols Biotech (Bordeaux, France); and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, by PhytoLab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany).
The phenolic standards (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, ferulic acid, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, isorhamnetin, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside were supplied by Extrasynthèse (Genay, France); procyanidin C1, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside and quercetin-3-Oarabinofuranoside, by Chromadex (Santa Ana, CA, USA); caffeic acid, 5 ´-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA), p-coumaric acid, phloretin, phloretin-2′-O-glucoside and quercetin, by Sigma-Aldrich Chemie (Steinheim, Germany); phloretin-2′-O-xylosylglucoside, by Polyphenols Biotech (Bordeaux, France); and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, by PhytoLab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany).
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