Bx51trf ccd microscope

The electrical characteristics were performed by Keithley 4200 SCS at room temperature under air ambient. The photocurrent was recorded by HAMAMATSU S1336 photodiode. The optical images were captured by Olympus BX51TRF CCD microscope. The EL spectra were measured by AvaSpec-ULS2048L fiber spectrometer. The absorption spectra were recorded by Shimadzu UV-3101PC UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometer. The reflectance and transmittance were recorded by PerkinElmer Lambda 1050 UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometer. Absolute fluorescent quantum yield measurements were performed with a calibrated integrating sphere on an Edinburgh FLS920 spectrometer. The carrier mobilities were calculated by the formula for the saturation regime: I_DS = μC_i(W/2L)(V_GS–V_T)², (where μ is the field-effect mobility, C_i is the gate dielectric capacitance density, V_T is the threshold voltage, W and L are the channel width and length, respectively). The brightness was calculated by comparing the photocurrent with a standard OLED of known brightness (1000 cdm⁻²) and emission area (3 mm × 1 mm) with structure of ITO/NPB/Alq₃:DCJTI/Alq₃/LiF/Al. The EQE was calculated from the brightness, the drain current, the EL emission spectrum, and the spatial distribution of emission intensity of the devices.

The formalin, in which the femurs were fixed, was periodically replaced until histology measurements were conducted. The first half of each left femur sample was allowed to decalcify in 5% nitric acid over 24 h. The samples were then transferred to an automated vacuum tissue processor (Leica ASP 300, Wetzlar, Germany) for dehydration. Samples were then embedded in paraffin histology wax and sectioned at 6 μm thickness using a microtome (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). At the final stage, the sectioned samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and observed under a light microscope (Olympus BX51TRF-CCD Microscope, Tokyo, Japan). Static parameters, including osteoblast surface/bone surface (ObS/BS), osteoclast surface/bone surface (OcS/BS), eroded surface/bone surface (ES/BS), osteoid surface/bone surface (OS/BS), and osteoid volume/bone volume (OV/BV), were measured using a quantitative stereological method for histology, known as the Weibel technique [25 (link)]. All histomorphometric measurements were performed in the secondary spongy area, which is rich in trabecular. The selected region was located 1 mm from the lateral cortex and 3–7 mm from the lowest point of the growth plate [26 (link)]. Bone histomorphometric measurement was analyzed as recommended by the American Society of Bone Mineral Research (ASBMR) Histomorphometry Nomenclature Committee [26 (link)].