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8 protocols using 2 propanol

1

Synthesis and Characterization of β-Cyclodextrin Derivatives

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β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD, 95%) was purchased from abcr Gmbh (Karlsruhe, Germany); toluene-4-sulfonyl chloride (≥99%), potassium thioacetate (98%), sodium hydroxide (100%), acetonitrile (>99.9%), acetic acid (>99.8%), D2O (99.9 atom% D) and DMSO-d6 (99.96 atom% D), 2-propanol (>99.8%), L-arginine (Ar, ≥98.5%), N,N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide (M, 99%), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (98%) and hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37% w/w) were supplied by Sigma–Aldrich (Milano, Italy) and used as received. Lithium hydroxide monohydrate (≥98%), amberlite IRC-86 (H+-form; 20–50 mesh), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (99.8%) were purchased from Fluka (Milano, Italy). Acetone ExpertQ® ACS, ISO, Reag. Ph. Eur. was purchased from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain).
De-oxygenated water and 2-propanol were obtained by purging nitrogen for 10 min.
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2

Soybean Phospholipids Characterization

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Lipoid S75 (S75), a mixture of soybean phospholipids (70% phosphatidylcholine, 9% phosphatidyletanolamine and 3% lysophosphatidylcholine), triglycerides and fatty acids, was purchased from Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany). RPMI 1640 medium, DMEM medium, glucose, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), tryptone water, methylene blue, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). Mueller–Hinton agar and methanol were purchased from VWR Chemicals (Barcelona, Spain). Mueller–Hinton broth, 2-propanol, and hydrochloric acid 37% were supplied by Scharlau (Valencia, Spain). Sabouraud Dextrose Chloramphenicol Agar (SDCA) was obtained from Becton Dickinson (Madrid, Spain).
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3

Cell Culture and Viability Assays

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Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (D-MEM + GlutaMAX 4.5 g/L glucose); HEPES (1%, v/v); non-essential amino acids (1%, v/v); antibiotic solution (penicillin-streptomycin) (1%, v/v); antimycotic solution (fungizone) (0.2%, v/v); fetal bovine serum (FBS) (10%, v/v); trypsin-EDTA solution (2.5 g/L trypsin and 0.2 g/L EDTA); phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and distilled water were purchased from Gibco (Scotland, UK). Absolute ethanol and fuming hydrochloric acid 37% were supplied by Merck (Barcelona, Spain), while 2-propanol was from Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA); 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT); propidium iodide (PI); triton X-100; 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and RNase A were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). An FITC-Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit I was provided from eBioscience (BD Biosciencies, CA, USA); 3,3′-dihexyloxacarboxycyanine iodide (DiOC6) was from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA); 5-chloromethylfluorescein acetate (Green CMFDA) was from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA) and fluo-3/acetoxymethyl (FLUO 3/AM) was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Heidelberg, Germany).
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4

Quantifying Lignin-Derived Phenols Analysis

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Lignin phenols (vanillin, acetovanillone, syringaldehyde, acetosyringone, vanillic acid, p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, p‐hydroxyacetophenone, syringic acid, ferulic acid, p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, p‐coumaric acid), ethylvanillin, CuO, and Fe(NH4)2(SO4)3•6H2O were obtained from Sigma Chemical (St. Louis, Missouri, USA). Humic acid was obtained from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid (37%) were purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Methanol and 2‐propanol were obtained from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain). Ethyl acetate was obtained from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Citric acid was obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All organic solvents were of HPLC or higher grade. Water from a Milli‐Q Water Purification System (Millipore) with a UV unit was used for solution preparation and washing purpose.
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5

Solvent mixtures for hydro-alcoholic emulsions

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Ethanol (EtOH, 96%) and hexane were purchased from Atlantic Labo (Bruges, France), while 2-propanol (iPro, 99.8%) was from Scharlau (Sharlab, Spain). Deionized water with a resistivity of 15 mΩ·cm (ELGA, Purelab® Option, St. Neots, UK) was used to prepare hydro-alcoholic mixtures and emulsions. The use of ethanol 96 led to slightly different hydration levels for ethanol- and isopropanol-based mixtures. Solvents were labelled in reference to their alcohol content in vol% as iPro 60, iPro 90, EtOH 58 and EtOH 86. Folin reagent, sulfuric acid, anthrone, glucose and gallic acid, were from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France).
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6

Phenolic Compounds Extraction and Analysis

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HPLC grade acetonitrile, 2-propanol, n-hexane, methanol, formic and acetic acid were purchased from Scharlau (Scharlab SL, Spain). Reference standards for the phenolic compounds analysis: Ferulic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid and apigenin-7-O-glucoside were obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay, France), while p-hydroxybenzoic acid, sinapic acid, catechin, and procyanidin B2 were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronytril) and 6-hydroxy-2- 5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid used in ORAC assay were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl reagent were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA) to DPPH test. All other reagents used were of analytical grade from Scharlau (Scharlab SL, Spain). Deionized water was obtained from a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
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7

Synthesis and Characterization of SiC Nanoparticles

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SiC (β-phase, 95%, 50 nm average size) nanoparticles were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA) or PlasmaChem (Berlin, Germany), depending on the availability of the material in each commercial brand. In the case of the up-scaling process, the SiC nanoparticles were purchased from Hwnano (Guangzhou, China) as they were able to supply a higher amount of nanoparticles. 500 nm SiC nanoparticles (β-phase, 95%, 500 nm average size) were also purchased from Hwnano (Guangzhou, China). In any case, the chosen SiC nanoparticles were those that presented a layer of silicon oxide, as these helped the formation of the oxide shell. The particles covered with a layer of carbon did not allow the formation of the shell. Titanium(IV) isopropoxide (Ti(OiPr)4, 97%), aluminum isopropoxide (Al(OiPr)3, 98%), aluminum sec-butoxide (Al(OsBu)3, 97%), yttrium isopropoxide (Y(OiPr)3, solution 20–25 wt.% in toluene), iron(III) acetylacetonate ((Fe(acac)3, 97%), and triethylene glycol (TREG) were purchased from Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Other solvents and acids (hydrochloric acid 37%, glacial acetic acid, 2-propanol, Analytical Grade) were purchased from Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain). All the reactants were used as obtained from the commercial brand without any further purification.
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8

Optimized Proteomics Sample Preparation

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All the chemicals used in the preparation of the background electrolyte (BGE) and the rest of solutions were of analytical reagent grade or better. Water (LC-MS grade), ammonium acetate (NH4Ac, ≥99.9%), ammonium bicarbonate (LC-MS grade), DLdithiothreitol (DTT, ≥99.0%) and iodoacetamide (IAA, ≥98.0%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetic acid (HAc, glacial), formic acid (HFor, 99.0%), ammonia (25%) and sodium hydroxide (≥99.0%) were supplied by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). iodoacetamide (IAA, ≥98.0%) was provided by Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Acetonitrile (≥99.9%) was purchased from Panreac (Castellar del Vallès, Spain). 2-propanol (≥99.9%) was supplied by Scharlau (Sentmenat, Spain).
Free trypsin (sequencing grade modified trypsin) and particles with immobilized trypsin (immobilized trypsin) were provided by Promega (Madison, Wisconsin, USA). β-LG (~90%, PAGE), α-CSN (>70%), β-CSN (>90%) and κ-CSN (≥80%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. An Escherichia coli cell lysate (E. coli positive control whole cell lysateexpressing 6X His tag protein) was supplied by Abcam (Cambridge, UK).
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