Ns 398

Manufactured by Bio-Techne

Sourced in United Kingdom

NS-398 is a selective inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme. It is a laboratory research tool used for the study of COX-2 and its related biological processes.

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Lab products found in correlation

Sc 560, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions) Losartan, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Tnf α, by Biosynth (1 mentions) Il 1β, by Biosynth (1 mentions) Captopril, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Arachidonic acid, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Cicaprost, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Thrombin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Cay10441, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Cloprostenol, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Indomethacin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Forskolin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) 19 s hete, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) U46619, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Sodium nitroprusside snp, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Tetrodotoxin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) 1 2 chlorophenyl diphenylmethyl 1h pyrazole tram 34, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Tram 34, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Ucl1684, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Ki16425, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)

8 protocols using ns 398

SFO Microinjection of Inflammatory Mediators

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SFO microinjection of TNF-α, IL-1β, Losartan, captopril
and NS-398 was performed via a 35-gauge cannula inserted in a 30-gauge guide
cannula that was placed 0.9 mm posterior to bregma, along the midline of the
skull (see the online data
supplement for details). TNF-α and IL-1β were
purchased from Fitzgerald (Acton, MA) and Millipore (Billerica, MA),
respectively. Losartan and captopril were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO).
All these drugs were dissolved in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) for SFO
microinjection. NS-398 was purchased from Tocris (Ellisville, MO), and was first
dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and then diluted in aCSF to make a
5% final DMSO concentration.

Wei S.G., Yu Y., Zhang Z.H, & Felder R.B. (2015). Pro-inflammatory cytokines upregulate sympathoexcitatory mechanisms in the subfornical organ of the rat. Hypertension, 65(5), 1126-1133.

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Assessing Eicosanoid Signaling Pathways

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19(S)-HETE and all related HETEs, cicaprost, arachidonic acid, PGE₂, PGD₂, cloprostenol, U46619, PGD₂, Cay10441, were from Cayman Chemicals. FR122047 and NS398 were from Tocris. Forskolin, thrombin and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were from Sigma-Aldrich and indomethacin from Alfa Aesar. [³H]-Iloprost (20 Ci/mmol) was from American Radiolabeled Chemicals.

Tunaru S., Chennupati R., Nüsing R.M, & Offermanns S. (2016). Arachidonic Acid Metabolite 19(S)-HETE Induces Vasorelaxation and Platelet Inhibition by Activating Prostacyclin (IP) Receptor. PLoS ONE, 11(9), e0163633.

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Vasodilatory Mechanisms in Isolated Arteries

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The following drugs were used: acetylcholine, 4-aminopyridine, apamin, 4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyacetophenone (apocynin), barium chloride, cocaine, glibenclamide, guanethidine, 5-HT, iberiotoxin, indomethacin, L-NOARG, N^omega-propyl-L-arginine, phentolamine, ouabain, prazosin, propranolol, SOD, tetrodotoxin, TEA and 1-(2-Chlorophenyl) diphenylmethyl- 1H-pyrazole (TRAM-34) (Sigma Chemical Co, St Louis, MO, USA). NS-398, SC-560 and 1400 W were purchased from Tocris Cookson (Bristol, UK). Bosentan was a gift from F. Hoffman-La Roche Laboratories (Basel, Switzerland).
All drugs were added in volumes not exceeding 0.3% of the organ baths to reach the final required concentration. They were dissolved in distilled water with the exception of indomethacin which was prepared in ethanol (96%), glibenclamide, SC-560 and NS-398 which required dimethylsulphoxide (10%). Preliminary experiments revealed no effects of the solvent used on the contractility of the preparations. Stock solutions were prepared and stored at −20°C and fresh solutions were prepared daily.

Martínez A.C., Hernández M., Novella S., Martínez M.P., Pagán R.M., Hermenegildo C., García-Sacristán A., Prieto D, & Benedito S. (2014). Diminished Neurogenic Femoral Artery Vasoconstrictor Response in a Zucker Obese Rat Model: Differential Regulation of NOS and COX Derivatives. PLoS ONE, 9(9), e106372.

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Assay for Chemical Compound Procurement

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All chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma Aldrich Chimie S.A.R.L., St.-Quentin-Fallavier, France) except TRAM-34, UCL-1684, NS-398, and SC-560, which were bought from Tocris (Bio-Techne, Abingdon, UK).

Gaertner S., Auger C., Farooq M.A., Pollet B., Khemais-Benkhiat S., Niazi Z.R., Schrevens S., Park S.H., Toti F., Stephan D, & Schini-Kerth V.B. (2020). Oral Intake of EPA:DHA 6:1 by Middle-Aged Rats for One Week Improves Age-Related Endothelial Dysfunction in Both the Femoral Artery and Vein: Role of Cyclooxygenases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(3), 920.

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LPS-Induced Inflammation Treatment

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Some animals received peripheral treatment with NS398 (10 mg/kg; Tocris Bioscience) for 7 consecutive days beginning on the day of LPS infusion. This was carried out by a single bolus injection of the COX2 inhibitor into the peritoneal cavity. Daily injection was performed between 10:00-12:00 and the first injection was commended immediately after the implantation of the osmotic minipump for LPS infusion. Animals that received i.p. injection of 1 % DMSO served as vehicle control.

Ho Y.H., Lin Y.T., Wu C.W., Chao Y.M., Chang A.Y, & Chan J.Y. (2015). Peripheral inflammation increases seizure susceptibility via the induction of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the hippocampus. Journal of Biomedical Science, 22(1), 46.

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Preparation of Lipid Stock Solutions

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18:1 LPA was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA) and was dissolved in ethanol:water (1:1, v/v) to create a 10 mM stock solution. Stock solutions were stored at −20 °C. NS 398 and Ki 16425 was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK) and R&D Systems (Minneapolis, USA), respectively.

Abdul Rahman M., Tan M.L., Johnson S.P., Hollows R.J., Chai W.L., Mansell J.P., Yap L.F, & Paterson I.C. (2020). Deregulation of lysophosphatidic acid metabolism in oral cancer promotes cell migration via the up-regulation of COX-2. PeerJ, 8, e10328.

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Macrophage Inflammatory Response Modulation

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RAW 264.7, a murine macrophage cell line (American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD, USA) was grown in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum and antibiotics (100 U/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin) in a humidified atmosphere at 37 °C with 5% CO₂ as described [44 (link)]. The cells were seeded (1 × 10⁶ cells/well) in a 6-well plate. The next day, cells were treated with GSKJ4 (3, 10, or 30 μM, final 0.01% DMSO in saline) for 30 min and then stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 24 h. _L-NIL hydrochloride (40 μM, R&D systems) and NS398 (10 nM, Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, UK) were used as NO and PGE2 inhibitors, respectively.

Lee J., Choi H., Park C., Jeon S, & Yune T. (2021). Jmjd3 Mediates Neuropathic Pain by Inducing Macrophage Infiltration and Activation in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Animal Model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(24), 13426.

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Modulation of BMSC-Macrophage Interactions

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BMSCs were treated with either 0.2 mg/ml HFC for 7 days at 37˚C or with 0.2 mg/ml HFC for 7 days followed by 10 µM NS-398 (Tocris Bioscience), a specific cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor, for 1 day at 37˚C. The cells were then plated into 24-well plates at a density of 5x10⁴/ml. Following 24 h of incubation at 37˚C, RAW264.7 macrophages were pre-stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (1 µg/ml; Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA) for 30 min at 37˚C and then added to the plates containing the BMSCs at a density of 1x10⁴ cells/ml. RAW264.7 macrophages cultured alone were used as a control. The cells and supernatants were collected following incubation for 24 h at 37˚C in 5% CO₂.

Liu C, & Sun J. (2020). Modulation of the secretion of mesenchymal stem cell immunoregulatory factors by hydrolyzed fish collagen. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 20(1), 375-384.

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