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4 protocols using sigmacell

1

Fungi Cultivation and Characterization

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Pheaotheca triangularis EXF-206, T. salinum EXF-295, and Wallemia ichthyophaga EXF-5676 were obtained from the University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology (Ljubljana, Slovenia). Carbon dioxide 2.5 (purity 99.5%) was supplied by Messer MG (Ruše, Slovenia). Peptone from meat, potassium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and acetic acid were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate (≥99.0%), sodium phosphate monobasic (≥99.0%), sodium phosphate dibasic (≥99.0%), albumin from bovine serum (BSA) (≥98.0%), malt extract, agar, d-(+)-glucose, sodium acetate, Sigmacell, glucose assay reagent, Casein, Hammarsten bovine, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), d-(−)-Salicin (≥99.0%), starch azure, and sodium chloride were supplied from Sigma (Schnelldorf, Germany).
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2

Cellulose Modification Using Maleic Acid

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Cotton linter cellulose (Sigmacell; product No. S5504T), maleic acid, and AlCl3·6H2O were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA, 99%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar and Sigma-Aldrich.
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3

Cellulose Pulp Hydrolysis Optimization

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Example 5

Cellulose pulp (eucalyptus pulp) was obtained as the remainder after the hemicellulose and lignin extraction. Cellulose pulp suspension having 10-20% solids in 0.05M acetate buffer, pH 4.55, 5%/cellulose, cellulase:cellobiase 1:1 was prepared. The suspension was stirred at 55° C. Samples of the liquor were taken periodically for analysis of the dissolved sugars. The dissolving sugars were mostly glucose, but can also include some residual hemicellulose sugars remaining in the pulp. The dissolved sugar contained 7.78% lignin and 94.22% holocellulose, (89.66% glucose). As % solids increased, overall yield decreased (so long as the enzyme loading is the same). However the yield was higher compared to a reference sample hydrolyzed under the same conditions using Sigmacell (Sigma # S5504 from cotton linters, type 50, 50 um), as seen in FIG. 8B. the cellulose pulp is well saccharified by the cellulase mix enzyme (although it still contains some residual lignin). the reaction rate of E-HDLM is higher than the reference material

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4

Quantifying Cellulose and Lignin Content

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Fifteen‐mg samples were suspended in 3 mL of acetic acid/water/nitric acid (8/2/1, v/v/v) in 5‐mL conical glass centrifuge tubes with Teflon®‐lined screw caps for hydrolysis of non‐crystalline material at 100 °C for 1 h (Updegraff, 1969). Cellulose was determined as glucose equivalents by a phenol–sulphuric assay (Dubois et al., 1956), using cellulose standards (Sigmacell, Sigma). Klason lignin was determined as described by Kirk and Obst (1988).
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