Statistical package for the social sciences spss version 19.0 for windows

Data are presented as mean and standard deviation. The Shapiro–Wilk test was applied to check the normal distribution of the variables. A repeated-measures ANOVA test was performed to study the differences between the four assessments. ANOVA was used for calculating main effects and a post hoc test was adjusted by Bonferroni. Inter-day effect size was calculated between differences in pre- and post-values for every variable. For eta-squared test, threshold values are interpreted as small (0.01), medium (0.06), and large effects (0.14) [30 (link),31 ]. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. The sample size was estimated for a probability of 0.05 and a confidence level of 0.6 in 16 participants [32 (link)]. All statistical analyses were performed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Changes in echocardiographic parameters were analyzed with paired t-test. The correlation between two continuous variables was determined using linear regression analysis. Multiple stepwise linear regression analyses were used to identify pre-closure echocardiography indicators of post-closure LV systolic dysfunction. Firstly, several statistically significant risk factors were screened out with univariate analysis, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Afterwards, multivariate analysis was performed using variables that were significant on univariate analysis, and P < 0.1 was considered significant. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to find optimal cut-offs for each parameter for when the post-closure LVEF was below 55%. All of the statistical analyses used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 19.0 for Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA).