Serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured using a Beckman Coulter AU 5800 chemistry analyzer (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated with the Friedewal formula [LDL-C= TC - (HDL-C+ (TG/5)].
Serum IGF-1 and GH levels were measured by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (Elecsys IGF-1; Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). The normal range of serum IGF-1 was evaluated by sex and age. Age and sex-normalized levels of IGF-1, rare GH< 0.4 ng/mL in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after surgery and random GH<1 ng/mL when treating with SSA were accepted criteria for cure or good biochemical control [14].