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Rat anti mouse cd31

Manufactured by BioLegend
Sourced in United States, China

The Rat anti-mouse CD31 is a laboratory reagent used for the detection and quantification of CD31, also known as PECAM-1, a cell surface glycoprotein expressed on endothelial cells. It can be used in various immunological techniques such as flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting to study the biology and function of CD31 in mouse models.

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7 protocols using rat anti mouse cd31

1

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Tumor Microenvironment

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Tumors from NOD/SCID mice were immediately frozen and sliced into 5 μm sections. ALDHA1 (aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1) expression was determined by anti-ALDHA1 antibody (Abcam) immunostaining. MVD was determined by rat anti-mouse CD31 (Biolegend) immunostaining, and TAMs were assessed by rabbit anti-mouse CD68 and rabbit anti-mouse Gr1 expression. Frozen sections were incubated in 3 % H2O2 and blocked with 5 % bovine serum albumin. The sections were then incubated with the relevant antibodies (diluted as instructions advised) at 4 ℃ overnight, followed by incubation with goat anti-rabbit or goat anti-rat antibody (diluted 1:500). Peroxidase activity was visualized using 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) substrate kit (Beyotime Bioscience, Shanghai, China). Sections were counterstained with hematoxylin. Slides were examined using a microscope (Eclipse E600; Nikon, Tokyo, Japan).
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2

Immunofluorescence Staining of Vascular and Adipose Tissues

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Primary antibodies and concentrations used for immunofluorescence in this study are as follows: rat anti-mouse CD31 (BioLegend [San Diego, CA, USA] catalog no. 102501, 1:100), goat anti-mouse perilipin (Abcam [Cambridge, MA, USA] ab61682,1:50), rabbit anti-laminin (Sigma [St. Louis, MO, USA] L9393, 1:200). Secondary antibodies used in this study are donkey anti-rabbit IgG Alexa Fluor 488 (Abcam, ab150073, 1:200), donkey anti-rat IgG Alexa Fluor 647 (Abcam, ab150155, 1:200), donkey anti-goat IgG Alexa Fluor 647 (Abcam, ab150135).
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3

Multiparametric Analysis of Tumor Markers

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The expression levels of EGFR, DR4, DR5, CD31, and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF1α), cleaved caspase 3, cleaved PARP, and Ki67 were examined using flow cytometry or immunofluorescence with primary antibodies and their corresponding secondary antibodies. The primary antibodies include rabbit anti-human EGFR, DR4, DR5, HIF1α (Abcam, MN), Ki67 (Invitrogen, CA), cleaved PARP, or cleaved caspase 3 (ZEN Bioscience, Chengdu, China), and rat anti-mouse CD31 (BioLegend, CA). The secondary antibodies derived from donkeys or goats were labeled with DyLight 550 or DyLight 488 (Abcam, MN). The primary antibodies were incubated with tumor cells or tumor tissues at room temperature for 1.5 h prior to incubation with the secondary antibody for additional 0.5 h.
To determine the binding of protein, 3×105 cells were incubated with 200 nM FAM- or 4 μM IR700-labeled Ze affibody at 4 °C for 1 h prior to analysis on the flow cytometer (Cytomics FC500, Beckman, CA). All data were analyzed using FLOWJO software.
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4

Cryosectioning and Immunostaining of Murine Livers

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Livers were fixed in 4% PFA solution for 2 hours at room temperature and incubated in 30% sucrose solution for 24 hours. After fixation, livers were embedded in Tissue-Tek O.C.T. Compound (Sakura Finetek) on dry ice and cut into 10 μm sections using a cryostat (Leica). Liver sections were fixed using 4% PFA for 10 min and incubated in block solution (10% BSA in PBS) for 1 hour. Sections were permeabilized using 0.2% Triton-X 100 for 30 min and incubated in primary antibodies for 24 hours at 4 °C (Rat anti-mouse CD31 (Biolegend), rat anti-mouse CD68 (Biolegend), rabbit anti-mouse desmin (Cell Signaling)). After 24 hours, sections were washed (PBS containing 2% BSA) 3 times and incubated in secondary antibodies for 30 min (goat anti-rat secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor 488 conjugate (Thermo Fischer Scientific)). Coverslips were mounted using VECTASHIELD anti-fade mounting medium with DAPI (Vector Labs).
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5

Quantifying Proliferating Fetal Endothelial Cells

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Pregnant female mice received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections with 50μg of 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU)/g body weight (Thermo Fisher Scientific – A10044), 16 h prior to tissue collection. Lz dissociation into single cells was performed as above. Cells re-suspended at a concentration of 1000 cells/μl were incubated for 30 min at 4°C with 1 μl Red LIVE/DEAD Fixable Dead Cell Stain (Thermo Fisher Scientific – L23102). After one wash in PBS, the cells were pre-incubated for 20 min at 4°C in the dark with unlabelled rat anti-mouse CD16/32 (BioLegend – 101320, 1 μg/million cells), then for 1 h at 4°C in the dark with a 1:1 mix of rat anti-mouse CD41 (labelled with BV421) (BioLegend – 133911; 0.25 μg per million cells) and rat anti-mouse CD31 (labelled with AF647) (BioLegend – 102516; 0.25 μg per million cells) in staining buffer. After two washes with staining buffer, the cells were stained using the Click-iT EdU Alexa Fluor 488 Flow Cytometry Assay Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific – C10420), according to manufacturer’s instructions. Flow cytometry analysis was performed using a BD LSRFortessa cell analyser (BD Biosciences). FSC files were analysed with the FlowJo_V10 software, using single-cell discrimination and gating based on single-stained controls. Proliferating FPEC were identified as viable EdU+/CD31+/CD41- cells.
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6

Angiogenesis Analysis in Ischemic Limb

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The day after HLI surgery, described above, MSC/VEGF
(5 × 105 cells) or Normosol solution were injected
intramuscularly into the ischemic limb of B2M mice. Blood flow was measured weekly by
Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging, as described above. Mice were perfused with
1 mg/100 ml FITC-Dextran (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) via tail vein to
label all blood flow in the animal, and euthanized 10 minutes after the injection, at
the indicated time point. All muscles of the ischemic limb isolated by dissection,
preserved in Optimal Temperature Compound, and stored at −80°. Tissues were then
sectioned at 20 µm thickness and placed onto glass slides. Tissue samples were
fixed using an acetone fixation protocol, washed with phosphate-buffered saline, blocked
with 1% bovine serum albumin, then immunostained with rat anti-mouse CD31 (BioLegend,
San Diego, CA) at a 1:50 dilution, overnight. A secondary antirat IgG antibody was
applied at 1:500 dilution and left for 1 hour incubation. All samples were imaged using
a BioRevo Keyence BZ-9000 fluorescence microscope (Keyence, Itasca, IL). Data analysis
was conducted using NIS Elements BR Object Count Software version 4.0 (Nikon, Tokyo,
Japan).
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7

Fluorescent Lipid Labeling of Cells

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DiD (1,1’-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3’,3’-Tetramethylindotricarbocyanine, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonate salt), DiI (1,1’-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3’,3’-Tetramethylindotricarbocyanine Perchlorate) and DiR (1,1’-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3’,3’-Tetramethylindotricarbocyanine Iodide) were from Biotium (Hayward, CA, USA). Cy5-DSPE and Cy3-DSPE were synthesized as described previously. 24 All fluorescent lipids were stored at −20ºC as 4-10mM stocks in ethanol. Whatman Nucleopore Track-Etch Membranes, bovine serum albumin were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine (HSPC), cholesterol, egg phosphatidylethanolamine, DSPE-PEG2000 were from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA) and were kept as chloroform stocks at −20ºC. Rabbit anti-mouse CD81 (Cat. 10037) was from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Rat anti-mouse CD31 (Cat. 102402) was from BioLegend (San Diego, CA). Goat anti-rabbit Alexa 647 antibody was from ThermoFisher. Hoechst 33342 trihydrochloride trihydrate was purchased from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA). FITC-labeled tomato lectin (Cat. FL-1171-1) was from Vector Laboratories (Burlingame, CA, USA).
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