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9 protocols using ab178400

1

Immunostaining of Differentiated Sensory Neurons

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After differentiation into sensory neurons on glass coverslips, cells were washed with PBS and fixed in 4% PFA for 15 min. After washing and permeabilization with 0.2% Triton X-100 for 1 h, coverslips were blocked with 10% BSA for 1 h at RT before incubation with primary antibodies at 4°C overnight. The following primary antibodies were used: Sox10 (#89356, Cell Signalling) at 1:1000 dilution; NEUROG1 (#mab3524, R&D) at 1:500 dilution, BRN3A.
(mab1585, Milipore) at 1:200, ISL1 (AB178400, Abcam) at 1:100 dilution, Tuj1 (MAB1637, Millipore) at 1:500 dilution, PRPH (AB4666, Abcam) at 1:100. After washing, coverslips were exposed to the required Alexa Fluor secondary antibodies (either Thermo Fisher Scientific or Abcam) and were incubated for 1 h at room temperature in the dark. Cultures were counterstained with DAPI and mounted onto slides using Dako mounting medium (Agilent). Images were captured using an EVOS FL Auto2 imaging system (Thermo Fisher) and processed with Fiji.45 (link)
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Key Proteins

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Western blot analysis was conducted according to our previous protocol.24 The following antibodies were used: OCT4 (1:1000; Abcam, ab19857), β‐actin (1:2000; CST, #3700), DNMT1 (1:1000; Abcam, ab13537), Ras (1:1000; Abcam, ab52939), Raf1 (1:1000; Abcam, ab137435), P‐ERK (1:1000; CST, #4377s), ERK (1:1000; CST, #4695s), ER alpha (1:1000; CST, #8644s) and ISL‐1 (1:100; Abcam, ab178400).
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3

Flow Cytometry Immunophenotyping of Cells

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Cells were washed twice with DPBS (BI, China), and digested with Typsin (BI) for 1 min, folowed by wash with DPBS containing 0.5% BSA (0.5% PBSA). Next, cells were centrifuged and washed once with 0.5% PBSA. The resuspended cells in 200 μl 0.5% PBSA were passed the flow tube to obtain single cells. After that, cells were incubated with the antibodies for 30 min at room temperature. The antibodies used are Anti-NFATc1 (Abcam, ab2796); Anti-ISL1 (Abcam, ab178400); Anti-VE-cadherin (Abcam, ab33168), Anti-CD31 (R&D, FAB35679), Anti-KDR (R&D, FAB3579), Anti-CDH5 (BD Horizon, 561569), Anti-SOX9 (Proteintech, 67439-1-Ig, 1: 200), Anti-HEY1 (Proteintech, 19929-1-AP, 1: 200), Anti-JAG1 (Proteintech, 668909-1-Ig, 1: 200) or (Invitrogen, PA5-86057), Anti-NOTCH1 (Proteintech, 20687-1-AP, 1: 200), Anti-NOTCH4 (Abcam, ab225329, 1:100), Anti-P-SELECTIN (Proteintech, 60322-1-Ig, 1:200) and the isotype control antibodies: mouse IgG (R&D, C002P) and rabbit IgG (Invitrogen, 10500C). After three times washing, cells were treated with secondary antibodies at room temperature for 15 min. Finally, cells were washed twice and resuspended with 300–500 μl 0.5% PBSA, and then analyzed by Accuri C6 flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, USA).
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4

Immunohistochemical Analysis of ISL1

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Paraffin sections were deparaffinized to water, dehydrated with alcohol gradient, washed in tap water for 2 min, treated with H2O2 containing 3% methanol for 20 min and subjected to antigen retrieval. Afterwards, the sections were blocked with normal goat serum blocking solution (Shanghai Haoran Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China) for 20 min. Next, the sections were incubated with primary antibodies against ISL1 (ab178400, 1: 200, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) overnight at 4 °C. The sections were later incubated with goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody immunoglobulin G (IgG; ab6785, 1: 1000, Abcam) for 20 min at 37 °C and with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled streptavidin protein working solution (0343-10000U, Imunbio Co., Ltd., Beijing, China) at 37 °C for 20 min. The sections were then developed by 3,3’-diaminobenzidine (DAB) (ST033, Guangzhou WHIGA Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China), counter-stained with hematoxylin (PT001, Shanghai Bogoo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) for 1 min, reverted to blue color by 1% ammonia water, dehydrated by gradient alcohol, cleared by xylene, sealed by neutral resin and observed under a microscope with 5 randomly selected high-powered fields.
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5

Immunohistochemistry analysis of stem cell markers

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All samples were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde overnight at 4°C and then dehydrated in different concentrations of ethanol. Immunohistochemistry staining and analytical methods were performed according to the protocol of the UltraSensitiveTM SP(Mouse/Rabbit)immunohistochemistry (IHC) kit (Maxim). Anti‐OCT4 (1:1000; Abcam, ab181557), ISL‐1 (1:200; Abcam, ab178400), ERα (1:200; Abcam, ab108398), PR (1:200; Abcam, ab2765), HER2 (1:200; Abcam, ab16662) and Ki67 (1:200; Abcam, ab15580) antibodies were used in the experiments.
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6

Histological Analysis of Pancreatic Islets

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Muscle sections were cut at 4 µm for histological analysis in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Islets were identified using an anti-islet 1 antibody (clone EPR10362, ab178400, 1:250 dilution, Abcam) with human pancreas used as a positive control. Blocking was done with 1× Animal-Free Blocker (SP-5030-250, Thermo Fisher Scientific) in 2% NGS (5425S, Cell Signaling Technology) diluted in TBST (J77500.K2, Thermo Fisher Scientific). The primary antibody was diluted in blocking solution at a titer of 1:1,000. Heat-mediated antigen retrieval was done on the Leica BOND using EDTA-based pH 9 solution (AR9640, Leica). A Leica BOND detection kit (DS9800) was used (post-primary step was omitted) for DAB chromogenic staining.
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7

Flow Cytometric Analysis of iPSC Markers

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Cells were dissociated into a single-cell suspension using Versene for undifferentiated iPSCs or Accutase for differentiated cells and fixed using the Foxp3/Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Set (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Cellular marker quantification was performed using NovoCyte NovoSampler Pro (Acea Biosciences, Santa Clara, CA, USA), utilizing FlowJoTM software (BD Life Sciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). Primary antibodies used were anti OCT3/4 (sc-2004, 1:100, Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX, USA), SOX1 (ab87775, 1:500, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), NESTIN (ABD69, 1:500, Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA), TUJ1α (T8660, 1:1000, Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA), GFAP (ab7260, 1:1000, Abcam) ISL1 (ab178400, 1:100, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), MAP2ab (M1406,1:500, Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA) or ChAT (GTX113164, 1:500, GeneTex, Irvine, CA, USA). Secondary antibodies were goat anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 488 (A-11029, 1:500, Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA), goat anti-Rabbit Alexa Fluor 633 (A-21071, 1:500, Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA).
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8

Immunofluorescence detection of ISL1 and KDM6B

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Immunofluorescence kit (Beyotime Biotechnology, Shanghai, China) was used for immunofluorescence signal detection. anti-ISL1 antibodies (ab178400, Abcam) and anti-KDM6B antibodies (#3457; 1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology) were applied to detect the corresponding protein. The results were observed under a confocal microscope (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany) (ISL1 protein: red spots, KDM6B protein: green spots) with 4ʹ,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole used to label nuclear DNA (blue).
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9

Immunocytochemical Staining of Stem Cell Markers

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The immunocytochemical staining were performed according to the protocol described previously [4 (link),38 (link)]. Briefly, cells seeded on slides or SIS patches were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (4% PFA) and permeabilized in 0.4% Triton X-100 (Sigma). After blocking with 10% normal goat serum (Vector Laboratories), the cells were then incubated with primary antibodies against octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4, Abcam, ab19857, 1:100), nanog homeobox (NANOG, Abcam, ab21624, 1:100), SSEA4 (Millipore, MAB4304,1:300), MESP1 (Abcam, ab77013, 1:100), ISL1 (Abcam, ab178400, 1:200), and NKX2-5 (Abcam, ab91196, 1:200), cTnT (Abcam, ab8295, 1:400), cTnI (Abcam, ab47003, 1:400), α-actinin (Abcam, ab9465, 1:400), or GATA4 (Stem Cell, SC-25310, 1:100) in 4 °C overnight and detected by DyLight 488- or 549-conjugated secondary antibodies. Nuclei were stained with Hoechst33258 (Sigma). Zeiss fluorescence microscope was used for slide observation and image capture.
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