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Taurolithocholic acid

Manufactured by Merck Group
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Taurolithocholic acid is a synthetic bile acid used in laboratory settings. It serves as a substrate for various biochemical assays and experiments, particularly those involving bile acid metabolism and related physiological processes. The product is intended for research use only and its specific applications should be determined by the end-user.

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Lab products found in correlation

Deoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (16 mentions) Chenodeoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (15 mentions) Taurocholic acid, by Merck Group (14 mentions) Taurochenodeoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (14 mentions) Taurodeoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (14 mentions) Cholic acid, by Merck Group (14 mentions) Ursodeoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (13 mentions) Lithocholic acid, by Merck Group (12 mentions) Glycocholic acid, by Merck Group (12 mentions) Glycodeoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (11 mentions) Glycoursodeoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (10 mentions) Tauroursodeoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (9 mentions) Glycochenodeoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (9 mentions) Hyodeoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Glycolithocholic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Taurohyodeoxycholic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Formic acid, by Tedia (3 mentions) Formic acid, by Avantor (3 mentions) Formic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions) Milli q system, by Merck Group (2 mentions)

20 protocols using taurolithocholic acid

1

Comprehensive Bile Acid Standards Analysis

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Glycholithocholic acid (GLCA) standards were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals; Cholic acid (CA), lithocholic acid (LCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), glychocholic acid (GCA), taurolithocholic acid (TLCA), taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), glychodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), glychochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), glychoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) standards, and isotope-labeled internal standard deuterocholic acid (d4-CA), deuterodeoxycholic acid (d4-DCA), deuteroglychocholic acid (d4-GCA), deuterated ursodeoxycholic acid (d4-UDCA), and deuterated lithocholic acid (d4-LCA) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich; Chromatographic pure acetonitrile and chromatographic pure methanol were purchased from Merck, Germany; Chromatographic grade formic acid was purchased from Shanghai Aladdin.
Shao Y., Chen S., Li H., Tang Q, & Xu D. (2021). Maternal bile acid profile and subtype analysis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 16, 259.
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2

Quantitative Analysis of Senecionine and Bile Acids

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Senecionine was purchased from Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shanghai, China). Senecionine purity was determined to be 92% through quantitative 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry (LC−MS) (Figures S1 and S2, Supporting Information). Bile acid standards were purchased from Sigma−Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA), including CA, deoxycholic acid (DCA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), GCA, GDCA, GCDCA, glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA), glycolithocholic acid (GLCA), TCA, TDCA, taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), TUDCA, taurohyodeoxycholic acid (THDCA), and taurolithocholic acid (TLCA). Acetonitrile and methanol were of HPLC grade and purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ammonium acetate (99.0%, MS grade) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Formic acid (99.0%, HPLC grade) and ammonia solution (25.0%, HPLC grade) were purchased from Tedia Co. (Fairfield, OH, USA). Water was purified using a Millipore Milli-Q system (Billerica, MA, USA).
Xiong A., Yang F., Fang L., Yang L., He Y., Wan Y.Y., Xu Y., Qi M., Wang X., Yu K., Tsim K.W, & Wang Z. (2014). Metabolomic and Genomic Evidence for Compromised Bile Acid Homeostasis by Senecionine, a Hepatotoxic Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid. Chemical research in toxicology, 27(5), 775-786.
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3

Cecal Bile Acid Quantification

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Cecal contents (5 controls and 8 from L. paracasei treated mice) from trial 3 were used to quantify primary and secondary bile acids. Bile acids analysis was performed at Bioaster (Lyon, France). Samples were prepared from 50 to 60 mg of −80 °C frozen cecal content using aqueous methanol extraction process. Bile acids extracts were analysed by LC-MS/MS on a triple quadrupole Thermo Quantum Ultra (SN: TQU00665) combined to a Dionex Ultimate 3000 HPLC system (SN: 8074045 & 8087183). Samples were separated on a C18 column (2,7 μM, 150 × 2,1 mm) from Ascentis Express using a methanol/water gradient containing 5 mM ammonium acetate and 0,012% formic acid. All bile acid standards: LithoCholic acid, ChenoDeoxyCholic acid, DeoxyCholic acid, UrsoDeoxyCholic acid, Cholic acid, GlycoDeoxyCholic acid, GlycoursoDeoxyCholic acid, GlyChenoDeoxyCholic acid, Glychocolic acid, TauroLithoCholic acid, TauroDeoxyCholic acid, TauroCholic acid, were bought from Sigma Aldrich. Results of bile salt quantification were expressed in peak area, corrected for sample weight.
Crouzet L., Derrien M., Cherbuy C., Plancade S., Foulon M., Chalin B., van Hylckama Vlieg J.E., Grompone G., Rigottier-Gois L, & Serror P. (2018). Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-3689 reduces vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus persistence and promotes Bacteroidetes resilience in the gut following antibiotic challenge. Scientific Reports, 8, 5098.
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4

Bile Acid Preparation and Characterization

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BAM8-22 was purchased from Tocris (Bristol, UK) and dissolved in 1× phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Cholic acid (CA), tauro-Cholic acid (TCA), glycol-Cholic acid (GCA), chenodeoxyCholic acid (CDCA), tauro-chenodeoxyCholic acid (TCDCA), glycol-chenodeoxyCholic acid (GCDCA), deoxyCholic acid (DCA), tauro-deoxyCholic acid (TDCA), lithoCholic acid (LCA), and tauro-lithoCholic acid (TLCA) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri, USA). Protease inhibitor cocktail (PIC) was purchased from Bio Vision (Milpitas, CA 95035 USA).
Sanjel B., Maeng H.J, & Shim W.S. (2019). BAM8-22 and its receptor MRGPRX1 may attribute to cholestatic pruritus. Scientific Reports, 9, 10888.
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5

Bile Acid Analysis in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid

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BALF samples were treated with equal volumes of Sputolysin® (Calbiochem, Darmstadt, Germany) and processed as described previously [16 (link),26 (link)]. Each BALF sample was analysed blinded to patient data for the presence of 12 principal bile acids compared to purified reference standards. Cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxyCholic acid (CDCA), deoxyCholic acid (DCA), lithoCholic acid (LCA), ursodeoxyCholic acid (UDCA), glycodeoxyCholic acid (GDCA), taurochenodeoxyCholic acid, (TCDCA), taurodeoxyCholic acid (TDCA), tauroCholic acid (TCA), glycoCholic acid (GCA), taurolithoCholic acid (TLCA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Buchs, Switzerland) and tauroursodeoxyCholic acid (TUDCA) was purchased from Calbiochem. All chemicals used were HPLC grade.
Caparrós-Martín J.A., Flynn S., Reen F.J., Woods D.F., Agudelo-Romero P., Ranganathan S.C., Stick S.M, & O’Gara F. (2020). The Detection of Bile Acids in the Lungs of Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients Is Associated with Altered Inflammatory Patterns. Diagnostics, 10(5), 282.
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6

Quantification of Bile Acids Metabolites

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ANIT, carbamazepine, mycophenolic acid, and reference standards for 18 BAs, including CA, glycocholic acid, TCA, CDCA, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, TCDCA, deoxycholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, UDCA, glycoursodeoxycholic acid, TUDCA, LCA, glycolithocholic acid, taurolithocholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, glycohyodeoxycholic acid, and taurohyodeoxycholic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chromatography-grade acetonitrile was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Water was purified using a MilliQ water system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Chromatography-grade acetic acid, formic acid, and methanol were provided by Tedia Company (Fairfield, OH, USA).
Li Y.F., Wu J.S., Li Y.Y., Dai Y., Zheng M., Zeng J.K., Wang G.F., Wang T.M., Li W.K., Zhang X.Y., Gu M., Huang C., Yang L., Wang Z.T, & Ma Y.M. (2017). Chicken bile powder protects against α-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced cholestatic liver injury in mice. Oncotarget, 8(57), 97137-97152.
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7

Quantification of Bile Acids and Cortisone

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Cholic acid (CA), glycoCholic acid (GCA), tauroCholic acid (TCA), chenodeoxyCholic acid (CDCA), glycochenodeoxyCholic acid (GCDCA), taurochenodeoxyCholic acid (TCDCA), ursodeoxyCholic acid (UDCA), glycoursodeoxyCholic acid (GUDCA), tauroursodeoxyCholic acid (TUDCA), deoxyCholic acid (DCA), glycodeoxyCholic acid (GDCA), taurodeoxyCholic acid (TDCA), taurolithoCholic acid (TLCA), and cortisone acetate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). α-MuriCholic acid (α-MCA) and tauromuriCholic acid (TMCA) were purchased from Steraloids Inc (Newport, RI, USA). All other reagents and solvents were of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade. Deionized water was purified using a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). S. baicalensis Georgi (Hebei Province), G. uralensis Fisch (Inner Mongolia of China), P. lactiflora Pall (Anhui Province), and Z. jujuba Mill (Henan Province) were authenticated by Dr. Ehu Liu (State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, China).
Wang X., Cui D.N., Dai X.M., Wang J., Zhang W., Zhang Z.J, & Xu F.G. (2017). HuangQin Decoction Attenuates CPT-11-Induced Gastrointestinal Toxicity by Regulating Bile Acids Metabolism Homeostasis. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8, 156.
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8

Comprehensive Bile Acid Analytical Protocol

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Cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxyCholic acid (CDCA), sodium glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDCA), sodium taurochenodeoxycholate (TCDCA), glycoCholic acid (GCA), taurolithoCholic acid (TLCA), sodium taurodeoxycholate hydrate (TDCA), and tauroCholic acid sodium salt hydrate (TCA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MI). UrsodeoxyCholic acid (UDCA) and deoxyCholic acid (DCA) were purchased from ChemCruz (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Dallas TX). LithoCholic acid (LCA) and glycoursodeoxyCholic acid (GUDCA) were purchased from Cayman Chemical Company, (Michigan, USA). GlycodeoxyCholic acid (GDCA) and glycolithoCholic acid (GLCA) were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (TRC, Canada). Formic acid (99 + %) was purchased in 1 mL ampules from Thermo Scientific (Rockford, IL, USA). Ammonium formate and 2-propanol (both Optima® LC/MS grade), acetonitrile, methanol and water (both Optima® grade) were purchased from Fisher Chemical (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA).
Cai Y., Shen X., Lu L., Yan H., Huang H., Gaule P., Muca E., Theriot C.M., Rattray Z., Rattray N.J., Lu J., Ahuja N., Zhang Y., Paty P.B., Khan S.A, & Johnson C.H. (2022). Bile acid distributions, sex-specificity, and prognosis in colorectal cancer. Biology of Sex Differences, 13, 61.
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9

Quantification of Bile Acids by LC-MS

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Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA), glycocholic acid (GCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), cholic acid (CA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), taurolithocholic acid (TLCA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), glycolithocholic acid (GLCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), taurocholic acid-d4 (d4-TCA), glycocholic acid-d4 (d4-GCA), cholic acid-d4 (d4-CA), ursodeoxycholic acid-d4 (d4-UDCA), chenodeoxycholic acid-d4 (d4-CDCA), and deoxycholic acid-d4 (d4-DCA) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) or Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). LC/MS grade methanol, acetonitrile, isopropanol, ammonium formate, and formic acid were purchased from VWR International (Radnor, PA, USA)
Danese E., Negrini D., Pucci M., De Nitto S., Ambrogi D., Donzelli S., Lievens P.M., Salvagno G.L, & Lippi G. (2020). Bile Acids Quantification by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Method Validation, Reference Range, and Interference Study. Diagnostics, 10(7), 462.
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10

Mast Cell Activation Assay Reagents

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Lithocholic acid (LCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), tauroLithocholic acid (TLCA), compound 48/80, IL-3, U-73122, SKF-96365, and 4-Nitrophenyl N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide (pNAG) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). YM-254890 was purchased from FUJIFILM Wako (Osaka, Japan). QWF (Boc-Gln-D-Trp(Formyl)-Phe benzyl ester trifluoroacetate) was obtained from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). Murine stem cell factor (SCF) was purchased from Peprotech (Cranbury, NJ, USA).
Song M.H, & Shim W.S. (2021). Lithocholic Acid Activates Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptors, Contributing to Itch in Mice. Biomolecules & Therapeutics, 30(1), 38-47.
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