Cariporide

MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured in DMEM (Gibco-BRL Life Technologies, Inc., Burlington, ON, Canada). In addition, K562, HL-60, U-937, CEM, Namalwa and Jurkat cells were grown in RPMI 1640 medium (Gibco-BRL Life Technologies Inc.). The media were supplemented with 10% FBS (HyClone, Logan, UT, USA), 100 U ml⁻¹ streptomycin and 100 U ml⁻¹ penicillin and cells were grown at 37 ^°C in a 5% CO₂-humidified incubator.
We obtained Cariporide from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA) and MAPK inhibitors PD98059 from Beyotime (Shanghai, China). For western blot analysis, we purchased antibodies against GAPDH, NHE1, anti-phosphospecific p38, ERK1/2, JNK1-2/SAPK, and nonphosphorylated p38, ERK1/2, JNK from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; anti-phosphospecific AKT and nonphosphorylated AKT from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, MA, USA); anti-CD44 and anti-MMP14 from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA); anti-MMP2 and MMP9 from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). The CD44/tet plasmids were gifts from Dr DJJ Waugh (Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK) (Hill et al, 2006 (link)).