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45 protocols using alexa fluor 488

1

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Stem Cell Markers

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Cells were plated on 24-multiwell plates, then fixed and permeabilized using the Fixation/Permeabilization Solution Kit (BD), in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Next, antibodies diluted in Perm/Wash buffer (BD) were added and then samples were incubated with antibodies overnight at 4°C. Nuclei were counter-stained with Hoechst 33342 (10 μg/ml, Sigma) for 15 min at room temperature. Immunofluorescence images were obtained using a fluorescence microscope (Leica) and confocal images were obtained using a confocal microscope (Zeiss). For staining, Oct3/4 (AlexaFluor488, 1:50, BD Pharmingen), Nanog (PE, 1:50, BD Pharmingen), Sox2 (AlexaFluor555, 1:50, BD Bioscience), Tra-1-60 (AlexaFluor488, 1:100, BD Pharmingen), SSEA-3 (PE, 1:100, BD Pharmingen), SSEA-4 (AlexaFluor488, 1:100, BD Bioscience), Tuj1 (AlexaFluor488, 1:100, BD Bioscience), Nestin (AlexaFluor488, 1:100, Millipore), CD107a (APC, 1:100, Biolegend), HLA-G (PE, 1:100, Abcam), HLA-BC (APC, 1:100, eBioscience), human β2m (Abcam), and goat anti-mouse IgG secondary (AlexaFluor555, Thermo Fisher) antibodies were used.
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2

Immunophenotyping of Mouse Immune Cells

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Unless noted, all reagents were derived from mice. For flow cytometry, anti–cluster of differentiation (CD)3 Alexa Fluor 488, anti-CD14 Alexa Fluor 488, anti-CD11b-PE, anti-CD45-PECy7, anti-CD45-allophycocyanin (APC) and isotype controls immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 Alexa Fluor 488, IgG2a Alexa Fluor 488, and IgG2a-PE and IgG1 PECy7 were purchased from Becton Dickenson; mouse anti-human CD45 Alexa Fluor 488 and mouse anti-human CD45 Alexa Fluor 647 from AbDSerotec; anti-A2B5-APC and isotype control IgM APC from Miltenyi; and anti-O1 Alexa Fluor 647 and isotype control IgM Alexa Fluor 660 from eBioscience.
Antibodies used for immunocytochemistry were purchased from eBioscience (anti-CD11b, anti-Ki67-Alexa Fluor 488, IgG1 Alexa Fluor 488), Abcam (rabbit anti–human leukocyte antigen [HLA]-DR, anti-CD14, rabbit monoclonal anti-CD16, rabbit anti-CD206, rabbit anti–inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), goat anti-Iba1, rabbit IgG isotype and IgG2bk isotype), Pierce (anti-CD163) and Molecular Probes (donkey anti-mouse IgG and donkey anti-rabbit IgG Alexa Fluor 488 or 568).
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3

Multiparametric Flow Cytometry of Neural Stem Cells

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The dissociated neurospheres were examined by FACSCalibur flow cytometry (BD Instruments Inc., USA) for detection of following markers: β-tubulin III (Alexa Fluor 488), anti-SOX-2 (PE Mouse), anti-nestin (Alexa Fluor 647) — all acquired from Becton Dickinson (BD) — anti-GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein, Sigma-Aldrich) and anti-CD133 (anti-PROM-1, Abnova).
The single-cell suspensions (0.5x106 cell/tube) were washed, fixed, for 15 min at RT, with 2% formaldehyde in PBS and permeabilized for 5 min with Triton X-100 at RT for intracellular markers. Cells were washed with PBS and then incubated, for 1h, at RT, with selected primary antibodies for 1h at RT in the dark. For CD133 and GFAP detection, secondary PE (Abcam) and FITC-conjugated (Millipore) antibodies respectively were used for 1h at RT. The population of interest was gating according to its Forward Scatter (FSC)/Side Scatter (SSC) criteria. 10,000 events were acquired for each sample and analyzed by CellQuest software (BD Instruments Inc., USA).
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4

Phagocytosis of Francisella tularensis

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A20 cells or peritoneal cells (5 x 105 per well) were co-cultivated with unopsonized or opsonized F. tularensis LVS, F. tularensis LVS/GFP, or F. tularensis mutants, in total volume of 0.5 mL per well at multiplicity of infection (MOI) 500. Control A20 cells or peritoneal cells were cultivated without infection. After 3 h incubation at 36.8°C in 5% CO2 atmosphere, cultures were washed using PBS. The proportion of infected cells with F. tularensis LVS/GFP was examined using flow cytometry. F. tularensis was stained using rabbit anti-F. tularensis serum as a primary antibody and goat anti-rabbit antibody conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488 (Becton Dickinson, San Jose, California, USA) as a secondary antibody for fluorescent microscopy. DAPI (Invitrogen, Molecular Probes, Oregon, USA) was used to visualize the nuclei.
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5

Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Differentiation

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Morphologic differentiation of OCI-AML3, IMS-M2, K562 or patient cells was determined by CD11b expression and morphologic assessment of cells stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa. Cells were treated for 48 h and 72 h with either 500 nM OTX015 (MK-8628), 500 nM JQ1, 1 µM ATRA + 1 µM ATO, or 0.1% DMSO followed by flow cytometric detection of the differentiation marker CD11b Alexa Fluor® 488 (#557701, Becton Dickinson, Le Pont de Claix, France) using a CytoFLEX flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, Villepinte, France) and analyzed with the FlowJo flow cytometry software (FlowJo LLC, Ashland, OR, USA). For morphologic analysis, cytospin preparations (Cytospin 4, Fisher Scientific, Illkirch, France) of OCI-AML3, IMS-M2, K562 or patient cells treated for 48 h by OTX015 (MK-8628) 500 nM, JQ1 500 nM, ATRA 1 µM + ATO 1 µM, or 0.1% DMSO were stained with May-Grünwald Giemsa solution and examined under light microscopy with a Zeiss microscope (Carl Zeiss, Marly le Roi, France) with a X40 objective.
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6

Immunofluorescent Analysis of β-Catenin in Colon Tissue

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Slides of colon tissue (5 μm) were deparaffinized with xylene and rehydrated with decreasing gradient alcohol. Antigen retrieval was carried out by pressure‐cooking slides for 3 min in 0.01 M citrate buffer (pH 6.0). To avoid non‐specific interactions of antibodies, the slides were treated for 2 h in 5% BSA in PBS. Immunostaining was performed by incubation overnight with anti‐β‐catenin (1:100, Alexa Fluor® 488, Cat. 562505, BD Pharmingen™) at 4°C. The slides were mounted on microscope slides using Mowiol + 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) for nuclear staining. The images were acquired at room temperature and detected under 63× magnification (numerical aperture of the objective lens: 1,4), by using a laser‐scanning confocal microscope with AiryScan2 module (Zeiss, LSM 900 associated) (Vanacore et al., 2018 (link)). Three fields for each colon were analysed by Zeiss Zen blue edition software.
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7

Pluripotency Assessment of Human iPSCs

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For assessment of pluripotency, hiPSCs at three days after passage were dissociated with TrypLE Express for 3 min at 37 °C and 1 million cells were transferred to flow cytometry tubes (BD Biosciences). Cells were then fixed with 4% PFA in DPBS for 10 min, permeabilized with 0.1% saponin (Sigma–Aldrich) in DPBS for 20 min, and stained using 1:50 mouse IgM TRA–1–81-488 (BD Biosciences, 560173), mouse IgG3 SSEA4-488 (BD Biosciences 560308), POU5F1-488 (BD Biosciences, 560217), or SOX2 (BD Biosciences, 245610) for 30 min at RT. Isotype controls FITC mouse IgM κ (BD Biosciences, 555583) and Alexa Fluor 488 Mouse IgG3, κ (BD Biosciences, 563536), Alexa Fluor 488 Mouse IgG1, κ (BD Biosciences, 557702), Alexa Fluor 647 Mouse IgG2a, κ (BD Biosciences, 557715) were used to establish gating. Cells were analyzed using a FACSAria II (BD Biosciences) with a 100 µM nozzle and FACSDiva software. Data was analyzed using FlowJo (Tree Star).
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8

Apoptosis Assay for Activated PBMCs

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PBMCs were thawed, plated and allowed to rest at 37°C overnight, then stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 (eBioscience) at 10 μg/mL for 48 h. The cells were then rinsed and stained for CD4 (Alexa Fluor 700, clone RPA-T4, eBioscience) and CD8 (AlexaFluor 488, BD Biosciences) prior to rinsing and labeling with annexin V and propidium iodide (PI; BD Pharmingen) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Samples were immediately analyzed using flow cytometry (Beckman Culture, Gallios). The annexin V-PE/PI population was considered live cells, while the annexin V-PE+/PI and annexin V-PE+/PI+ populations were considered early and late apoptotic cells, respectively.
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9

Immunophenotyping of iPSC-derived SKPs

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After cells were detached and collected, they were fixed and permeabilized with cytofix buffer for 20 min. After washing with Phosflow Perm/Wash buffer, cells were incubated for 30 min with the anti-nestin antibody conjugated with PerCP-CyTM5.5 and with the anti-fibronectin antibody conjugated with Alexa fluor 488 (both from BD Biosciences). Isotype-matched monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were used as negative controls. In order to calculate the differentiation efficiency of iPSCs into SKPs, stained cells were analyzed using BD FACSVerse with FACSuite software (BD Biosciences)
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10

Cytarabine and AMD070 Combination Therapy for NALM-6 Leukemia

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Mouse experiments were performed in accordance with a protocol (2205-40078A) approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Minnesota. 4–6 week old NSG (NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid, Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ; Jackson Labs) mice were injected intravenously via the tail vein with 2×106 human NALM-6 leukemia cells. Sixteen days after leukemia cell transplantation mice were randomized to receive cytarabine (50 mg/kg intraperitoneal) or a combination of cytarabine (50 mg/kg intraperitoneal) and AMD070 (5 mg/kg intraperitoneal; n=5) daily for 4 days. 48 hours after completing therapy mice were euthanized, cardiac-perfused with PBS, meninges removed using a dissecting microscope, and dissociated by gently washing through a 0.40 μm filter (Millipore). Cells were then stained with fluorescent antibodies against human CD19 and CD45 (Alexa Fluor 488, BD Biosciences), a fixable viability dye (ThermoFisher), and viable leukemia cells were quantitated by flow cytometry and CountBright Absolute Counting beads (Invitrogen).
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