Spss pc statistical package

We performed statistical analysis using the SPSS/PC+ statistical package (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) based on the results of this study. Multiple comparisons evaluated the significance between groups using the Tukey’s test using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Statistical analyses were carried out using the SPSS/PC+ statistical package (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Significant differences between results were identified using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons. The significance level was set at p < 0.05.

Results are expressed as mean ± SD (standard deviation). Student’s t-test or one-way ANOVA were carried out to determinate differences between groups. Univariate association was tested by Pearson (parametric variables) or Spearman (nonparametric variables) correlation analysis. We used SPSS/PC+ statistical package (version 22.0; SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) for the statistical analyses. p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Three experimental chambers were set up, each containing ten animals. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS/PC+ statistical package (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Significant differences between groups were identified using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s test for multiple comparisons. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Water temperature and physiological responses were examined with the two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post hoc tests after testing for normality and homogeneity of the data. The correlation between physiological responses was assessed with the Spearman correlation coefficient.

The prevalence of overt and occult chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and its comorbidities was calculated by dividing the number of affected individuals by the total number of subjects tested in the overall population. Normally distributed continuous variables (e.g., age) were reported as means with standard deviations and compared with Student’s t test or one-way ANOVA test for multiple comparisons when appropriate. Categorical variables were reported as proportions and compared using the Chi-square test with continuity correction.
Data analyses were conducted using the SPSS PC statistical package (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL). All reported p values are two-tailed.

Results are reported as mean ± SEM. Immunoblot data was collected by densitometry and expressed as a percent of controls. Following the appropriate ANOVA, comparisons were performed using Bonferroni post-hoc tests. For the locomotor sensitization data the dependent measure was horizontal activity (beam breaks). For CPP data, the statistical significance of each dependent measure was first evaluated using an ANOVA with Treatment as the between-subjects factor followed by Student's paired t-tests for post-hoc comparisons. For the dose response study that examined the effect of SKF 83959 on the maintenance of cocaine SA under the FR5 schedule of reinforcement, the active lever response was analyzed using repeated measures of ANOVA with Dose (0, 0.05, 0.5, 1.5 mg/kg SKF 83959) as the within-subject factor. For the reinstatement studies, the active lever response was analyzed using repeated measures of ANOVA with Treatment (Cocaine, Cue, SKF 83959, TAT-D1 peptide, Cocaine+SKF 83959, Cue+SKF 83959, Cocaine+TAT-D1 peptide) as the within-subject factor. Planned comparisons between groups were done using paired Student's t-test.
Computations were performed using the SPSS/PC+ statistical package.

Results were expressed as median and [range]. Mann-Whitney U test for unpaired values was used to assess the statistical significance of the differences between groups. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Differences in frequencies of TF expression were evaluated by Chi-square test. All analyses were performed by the SPSS PC statistical package, version 20.00 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA).