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10 protocols using clone pgr636

1

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Breast Tumor Markers

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Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR), HER2, and Ki-67 in breast tumors using the following antibodies: mouse anti-ER (Dako, Cat. # IR084, clone 1D5, RTU), mouse anti-PR (Dako, Cat. # IR068, clone PgR636, RTU), rabbit anti-HER2 (Dako, Cat. # A0485, 1:800), and mouse anti-Ki-67 (Dako, Cat. # IR626, clone MIB-1, RTU). Immunohistochemistry was performed as previously described (11 (link)). ER and PR immunostaining was scored using ASCO/CAP Recommendations (12 (link)). HER2 immunostaining was scored using St. Gallen recommendations (13 (link)). Ki-67 immunostaining was expressed as the percentage of positively stained cells. At least 10 fields of view and at least 1,000 cells at 400× magnification (field area = 0.196 mm2) were analyzed per sample. Molecular subtypes of the IC NST were categorized according to St. Gallen recommendations (13 (link)): luminal A (ER+ and/or PR+, HER2, and Ki-67 < 20%), luminal B (ER+ and/or PR+, HER2−/+, and Ki-67 ≥ 20%), HER2-positive (ER, PR, and HER2+), and triple-negative (ER, PR, and HER2).
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2

Factors Influencing Breast Cancer Progression

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We collected factors responsible for progressive BCs including conventional tumor attributes (size, lymph node involvement, and histological grade), three immunohistochemical markers (ER, PR, HER2), triple negative (defined by these three IHC markers), surgical treatment and adjuvant therapy. Conventional tumor attributes have been collected since the dawn of the service screening. Surgical treatment (breast-conserving surgery, mastectomy, or others), and adjuvant therapy (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy) had been collected since 1996.
Data on tumor phenotypes related to IHC markers including ER, PR and HER2 status were collected retrospectively for the period of 1996 to 1998 by standard antibody staining in the largest invasive tumor component for each patient and was described in full in previous studies [22 (link)]. The antibodies (supplier, type, dilution) used for staining are delineated as follows: ER (clone SP1; Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ, USA; 1:200 dilution), PR (clone PgR 636; Dako, Glostrup, Denmark; 1:50 dilution), and HER2 (code A 0485; Dako; 1:250 dilution). The cut-off point for ER and PR positivity is nuclear staining >10% of tumor cells. The criteria of HER2 positivity was offered by manufacturer. Triple negative BC is defined as a breast tumor with all ER, PR, and HER2 being negative.
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3

Standardized TNBC Subtyping by IHC

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TNBC status was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies against monoclonal rabbit ER antibody, Clone SP1 (Neomarker) and monoclonal mouse anti-human PR antibody, Clone PgR 636 (Dako). ER and PgR expression was interpreted as positive if at least 1% immunostained tumor nuclei were detected in the sample, according with ASCO/CAP recommendations for immunohistochemical testing of hormone receptors in breast cancer [17 (link)]. HER2 protein expression was determined using FDA approved HercepTest™ (K5206 DAKO) and evaluated according to the manufacturer’s instructions. HER2 gene amplification was determined by ultra-View SISH Detection Kit (Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, USA). Tumors were classified according to the 2013 ASCO/CAP recommendations [18 (link)]. Given that the study included patients diagnosed over almost 20 years in different hospital centers, all surgical specimens of TNBC patients were reviewed independently by three experienced pathologists to achieve a consensus on morphologic criteria and to standardize the results at the current guidelines recommendations for ER, PgR and HER2 immunohistochemistry [17 (link)].
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4

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Breast Cancer Biomarkers

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The entire tissue sections of the core biopsy samples were subjected to analysis, with immunostaining for ER (clone EP1, Dako, prediluted), PR (clone PgR636, Dako, prediluted), and HER2 (clone SP3, Cell Marque, diluted 1:500).16 (link) Negative immunostaining scores were validated per the guidelines established by the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP). In cases where the HER2 immunostaining score was indeterminate (score 2+), ISH was performed with results that were defined as the ratio of HER2 gene amplification to the chromosome 17 enumeration probe (CEP17). Therefore, negative ISH was identified when the HER2/CEP17 ratio was < 2.0, and the HER2 copy number signals/cell was < 4. An HER2 immunostaining score of 0 corresponded to a HER2 IHC-negative score, whereas a HER2 immunostaining score of 1 + or 2+ with negative ISH corresponded to a HER2-low score. Ki67 was evaluated using nuclear staining with a mouse monoclonal antibody (SP6 clone, Cell Marque) at a dilution of 1:500.
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5

Indirect Double Immunofluorescence for Sex Steroid Hormone Receptors

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After deparaffinization, rehydration, and antigen retrieval in citrate buffer, the slides were incubated for 30 min in PBS with appropriate normal serum at room temperature, which was followed by overnight incubation at 4 °C in a solution of PBS with appropriate normal serum containing a mixture of primary antibodies. After 5 washes (10 min each) in PBS, the specimens were then incubated for 1 h at room temperature with a mixture of secondary antibodies diluted in PBS. Indirect double immunofluorescence for identification of sex steroid hormone receptors in sections was performed with monoclonal mouse estrogen receptor (1:50; NCL-L-ER-6F11, Leica Biosystems), monoclonal mouse progesterone receptor (1:100; Clone PgR636, Dako), monoclonal mouse anti-Inhibin β-A antibody (1:100; sc-166503, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and secondary goat anti-mouse Alexa 488-conjugated antibody (1:400; 115-545-146, Jackson ImmunoResearch). Appropriate negative and positive controls were performed. Finally, the slides were washed with two changes (10 min each) of PBS, cover-slipped with fluorescence mounting medium (Dako, Denmark), and covered with Menzel-Gläser glasses. The labeled specimens were analyzed immediately.
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6

Genomic Analysis of Advanced Breast Cancer

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The study cohort included 62 advanced breast cancer patients (13 primary and 49 metastatic) within a study period between January 2014 and June 2018. The specimens from these patients were sent to Foundation Medicine (Cambridge, MA) for analyzing genetic alterations and TMB by FoundationOne CDx next generation sequencing (NGS) (Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA). This study was approved by the Ohio State University institutional Research Board. Clinicopathologic characteristics were collected and breast cancer biomarkers (ER, PR, and HER2) were evaluated by breast subspecialized pathologists, with manual quantification [ER: clone SP1 (Spring, Pleasanton, CA), PR: clone PgR 636 (DAKO, Carpinteria, CA), HER2: 4B5 clone (Ventana, Tucson, AZ)].
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7

Immunohistochemical Staining of Paraffin Sections

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Immunohistochemical analysis staining of paraffin‐embedded tissue sections was carried out using the Dako Envision System (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) following the manufacturer's protocols. Briefly, the sections were submerged in boiling 10 mmol/L sodium citrate (pH, 6.0) for 2 min in a pressure cooker. After being treated with 0.3% hydrogen peroxide for 10 min to block endogenous peroxidase, the sections were incubated with primary antibody for 1 h at room temperature. After washing, the sections were incubated with biotin‐labeled secondary immunoglobulin (Dako) for 40 min at room temperature, followed by incubation with 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine (Dako), also at room temperature. The primary antibodies used were anti‐fascin‐1 mouse monoclonal antibody (clone 55k‐2; diluted at 1:100; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), ready‐to‐use anti‐ER rabbit monoclonal antibody (clone SP1, Dako), ready‐to‐use anti‐PR mouse monoclonal antibody (clone PgR636, Dako), HercepTest (Dako), and ready‐to‐use anti‐Ki‐67 mouse monoclonal antibody (clone MIB‐1, Dako).
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8

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Breast Cancer

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All patients underwent a CNB before NAC, and an operation consisting of mastectomy or conserving surgery with axillary lymph node dissection after NAC at Osaka City University. Tissues from each patient were fixed in buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. Serial tissue sections of 4 μm thickness were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and used for immunohistochemical staining. Expressions of CA9, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and HER2 were assessed by immunohistochemistry. After the paraffin sections were deparaffinized, they were heated for 20 min at 105°C by autoclave in Target Retrieval Solution (Dako, Carpinteria, CA). After blocking with 10% goat serum, the slides were incubated with the primary monoclonal antibodies against each of CA9 (clone M75, 1:1000; Novus Biologicals), ER (clone 1D5, dilution 1:80; Dako, Cambridge, UK), PgR (clone PgR636, dilution 1:100; Dako), and HER2 (Hercep Test, Dako) overnight at 4 °C. Peroxidase was introduced using a streptavidin conjugate and then peroxidase reactivity was visualized using a DAB solution, followed by counterstaining with haematoxylin.
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9

Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Breast Tumors

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FFPE tumor blocks were used to build tissue microarrays (two 1.5 mm cores per case) as described elsewhere [12 (link)]. ER, PR, and HER2 expression levels were evaluated using standard procedures with the modified avidin–biotin complex method on the Ventana XT Benchmark autostainer (Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., Tucson, AZ) using antibodies against ER (Thermo Scientific, Fremont, CA; clone RB-9016; dilution 1:100), PR (Dako; Carpinteria, CA; clone PgR 636; dilution 1:100), and HER2 (Ventana; clone 4B5) as previously described [12 (link)]. Breast tissues were used as positive controls; the same tissues, incubated with an iso-type-matched antibody, were used as negative controls.
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10

Immunohistochemical Profiling of Uterine Tumor-like Lesions

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Various immunohistochemical panels were performed on the UTROSCT cases at the time of diagnosis. For the immunohistochemistry performed at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 4 μm thick tissue sections from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks were stained for calretinin (1:500 dilution; clone DC8; Zymed, San Francisco, CA), inhibin (1:20 dilution; clone R1; Bio-Rad Antibodies, Hercules, CA), desmin (1:5000 dilution; clone DE-U-10; Sigma, St. Louis, MO), AE1/AE3 (1:200 dilution, AE1 and AE3 clones; Dako, Carpinteria, CA), WT-1 (1:75 dilution; clone 6F-H2; Dako, Carpinteria, CA), CD56 (1:100 dilution; clone 123C3.D5; Cell Marque, Rocklin, CA), SF-1 (1:100 dilution; clone N1665; R&D systems, Tokyo, Japan), estrogen receptor (ER; 1:50 dilution; clone SP1; Fisher Scientific, Hampton, NH), progesterone receptor (PR; 1:50 dilution; clone PgR 636; Dako, Carpinteria, CA), SMA (dilution 1:20 000; clone 1A4; Sigma, St. Louis, MO), caldesmon (1:300 dilution; h-CD clone; Dako, Carpinteria, CA), and CD10 (1:20 dilution; 56C6 clone; Cell Marque, Rocklin, CA) using standard techniques. Slides were stained using Dako Autostainer Plus and the Envision Plus detection system (Dako, Carpinteria, CA).
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