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7 protocols using anti digoxigenin ap

1

Fluorescent and Colorimetric RNA-ISH Assay

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Fluorescent and colorimetric RNA in situ hybridization (RNA-ISH) was performed on 7 µm paraffin sections as previously described (Paul et al., 2016 (link)). Complementary DIG or FL labeled RNA probes were generated following kit instructions (Sigma-Aldrich: 11277073910 and 11685619910) and were detected with Anti-Digoxigenin-POD (Sigma-Aldrich: 11207733910) and Anti-Fluorescein-POD (Sigma-Aldrich: 11426346910). For double fluorescent RNA-ISH the TSA Cyanine three and Fluorescein system from Perkin Elmer was used as directed (NEL753001KT). For colorimetric RNA-ISH Anti-Digoxigenin-AP (Sigma-Aldrich: 11093274910) was used to detect the probes.
Probes were generated to the following sequences:
Slides with fluorescence were mounted with Vectashield with DAPI (Vector Laboratories: H1200) and were imaged with a Nikon AZ100 Macroscope and photographed (Nikon Digital sight DS-Fi1). Fluorescent images were edited for contrast and color levels in Adobe Photoshop CS5.
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2

Spatial Expression Analysis of Developmental Genes

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Anti-sense RNA probes labelled with digoxigenin for Crlf1, Cxcr4, Dusp6 and Etv4 were generated and samples were processed as previously described (Reginensi et al., 2016 (link)). Briefly, E12.5 embryos were dissected and fixed in 4% PFA/PBS at 4°C O/N, paraffin embedded, sectioned at 7 μm and transferred onto superfrost glass slides. The sections were deparaffinized, rehydrated, fixed and treated with proteinase K, before being hybridized O/N with anti-sense RNA probes (3μg/ml) at 70°C. The sections were washed and blocked, followed by anti-Digoxigenin-AP (Sigma) incubation O/N at 4°C. The colorimetric reaction was performed using BM Purple (Sigma).
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3

In Situ Hybridization Protocol for Placental Markers

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In situ hybridization was performed using protocol and digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled probes established by Simmons et al. [37 (link)]. In short, cryo- or paraffin sections were thawed or deparaffinized and rehydrated, respectively. Sections were fixed using 4% paraformaldehyde (Merck, Darmstadt, Hessen, Germany; #818715) and treated with proteinase K (20 μg/mL, Merck, Darmstadt, Hessen, Germany; #1245680500). After another fixation step, sections were blocked. Probes (2 ng/μL) for PL1, PLF, and TPBPA were denatured and incubated with sections overnight, followed by a RNase A (AppliChem, Darmstadt, Hessen, Germany; #A2760) treatment. Sections were blocked, and anti-digoxigenin-AP (1:1000, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA; #11093274910) was added for probe detection. Incubation with BM-purple followed overnight; then, sections were counterstained with nuclear fast red (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA; #N3020). Sections were dehydrated, treated with xylene (VMP Chemie Kontor GmbH, Siegburg, North Rhine-Westfalia, Germany; #1000649172), and mounted in Entellan® (Merck, Darmstadt, Hessen, Germany; #107960). Leica DM LB microscope (Wetzlar, Hessen, Germany) was used for analysis of sections.
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4

Dig-Labeled DNA Probe Detection

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Following transfer and UV crosslinking, membranes were incubated with Dig-labeled DNA probes. DNA probes were Dig-labeled following manufacturer’s protocol from Sigma-Aldrich (03353575910) and detected with Sigma-Aldrich Anti-Digoxigenin-AP (11093274910) and Sigma-Aldrich chemiluminescent substrate CDP-Star (11685627001). Images were captured and visualized using a BioRad ChemiDoc XRS + imaging system.
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5

Whole-mount in situ Hybridization Protocol

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Whole-mount in situ hybridization was performed as previously described (deCarvalho et al., 2014 (link); Gamse et al., 2002 (link)). In brief, larvae and dissected brains were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (P6148, Sigma-Aldrich) in 1 X PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) at 4 °C overnight. To synthesize RNA probes, the following restriction enzymes and RNA polymerases were used: lratd2a (BamHI/T7), fos (NotI/SP6), slc5a7a (NotI/SP6), kctd12.1 (EcoRI/T7) (deCarvalho et al., 2013 (link); Hong et al., 2013 (link)). Probes were labeled with UTP-digoxigenin (11093274910, Roche) and samples incubated at 70 °C in hybridization solution containing 50% formamide. Hybridized probes were detected using alkaline phosphatase-conjugated antibodies (Anti-Digoxigenin-AP, #11093274910, and Anti-Fluorescein-AP, #11426338910, Sigma-Aldrich) and visualized by staining with 4-nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT, #11383213001, Roche), 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-phosphate (BCIP, #11383221001, Roche) and 2-(4-Iodophenyl)–3-(4-nitrophenyl)–5-phenyltetrazolium Chloride (INT, #I00671G, Fisher Scientific).
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6

Southern Blot Analysis of iPS Clones

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PGKNeor probes were amplified with Tks Gflex DNA Polymerase and primers (Table S1) and cloned into pMD20 (TaKaRa Bio). The probes of the cloned vector were constructed by PCR with Digoxigenin‐11‐dUTP, alkali‐labile (Roche, Penzberg, Germany). Twenty microgram Genomic DNA isolated from selected iPS clones was digested with EcoT22 I. The genome was separated by electrophoresis on 1% TAE gel. After digestion with 0.5 N NaOH and 1.5 m NaCl and neutralization with 0.5 m Tris–HCl pH 7.5 and 1.5 m NaCl, the gel was blotted to a positively charged nylon membrane with TAE buffer. After UV crosslinking, DNA bands were detected using Amersham Gene Images AlkPhos Direct Labeling Detection System (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA), anti‐Digoxigenin‐AP, Fab fragments (Sigma‐Aldrich), and CDP‐Star (Sigma‐Aldrich).
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7

Whole-mount in situ Hybridization Protocol

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Whole-mount in situ hybridization was performed as previously described (deCarvalho et al., 2014; Gamse et al., 2002) (link). In brief, larvae and dissected brains were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (P6148, Sigma-Aldrich) in 1X PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) at 4 °C overnight. To synthesize RNA probes, the following restriction enzymes and RNA polymerases were used: lratd2a
(BamHI/T7), fos (NotI/SP6), slc5a7a (NotI/SP6), kctd12.1 (EcoRI/T7) (deCarvalho et al., 2013; Hong et al., 2013) (link). Probes were labeled with UTP-digoxigenin (11093274910, Roche) and samples incubated at 70 °C in hybridization solution containing 50% formamide. Hybridized probes were detected using alkaline phosphatase-conjugated antibodies (Anti-Digoxigenin-AP, #11093274910, and Anti-Fluorescein-AP, #11426338910, Sigma-Aldrich) and visualized by staining with 4-nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT, #11383213001, Roche), 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolylphosphate (BCIP, #11383221001, Roche) and 2-(4-Iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5phenyltetrazolium Chloride (INT, #I00671G, Fisher Scientific).
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