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10 protocols using sybr green realmastermix

1

Quantitative Analysis of MMP-11 Expression

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Relative quantification was performed to measure MMP-11 expression, using a real-time thermocycler (Eppendorf Mastercycler ep realplex ES). One microliter of cDNA and 0.2 μmol/L of each primers were mixed with SYBR Green RealMasterMix (Eppendorf). S9 and 18S were used as internal reference controls. Primers were designed for mouse MMP-11, S9 and 18S, using the Primer3web version 4.0[19 (link),20 (link)], according to sequences from the GeneBank database. Amplification conditions were: 2 min at 95 °C and three step-cycle of 95 °C for 15 s, 58 °C for 20 s and 68 °C for 20 s, for a total of 40 cycles.
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2

Quantifying IGFBP1 and INSR Expression

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For qRT-PCR, total cellular RNA was extracted from cells using the RNAqueous-4PCR kit and subjected to DNase treatment (Ambion). RNA levels were normalized against 18S ribosomal RNA in each sample, and cDNAs were synthesized from 2 μg of total RNA using the RETROscript first strand synthesis kit (Ambion). Primers were designed according to sequences from the GenBank database: human IGFBP1 (NM_000596.2): for 5′-CATTCCATCCTTTGGGAC-3′; rev 5′-ATTCTTGTTGCAGTTTGGCAG-3′. human INSR (NM_000208.2) for 5′-TTTGGGAAATCACCAGCTTGGCAGAAC-3′; rev. 5′-AAAGCTGGGGTGCAGGTC GTCCTTG-3′. A real-time thermocycler (Eppendorf Mastercycler ep realplex ES) was used to perform quantitative PCR. In a 20 μL final volume, 0.5 μL of the cDNA solution was mixed with SYBR Green RealMasterMix (Eppendorf), and 0.3 μM each of sense and antisense primers. The mixture was used as a template for the amplification by the following protocol: a denaturing step at 95°C for 2 min, then an amplification and quantification program repeated for 45 cycles of 95°C for 15 s, 55°C for 25 s, and 68°C for 25 s, followed by the melting curve step. SYBR Green fluorescence was measured, and relative quantification was made against ribosomal protein S9 cDNA used as an internal standard.
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3

EGF-Stimulated Gene Expression Analysis

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Cells were serum-starved overnight and inhibitors or solvent alone were applied one h prior to EGF-stimulation. Cells were stimulated with 25 ng/ml EGF or left unstimulated, for four h prior to harvesting.
Total RNA was extracted using RNeasy kit (QIAGEN, USA), and complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized by RT-RTCK-05 kit (Eurogentec, Berlin, Germany) and stored at −20 °C. A standard real-time PCR reaction with SYBR green Real MasterMix (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) was performed in duplicates using Mx3005p (Agilent Technologies, USA) under the following conditions: 95 °C for 2 min followed by 40 cycles of 95 °C for 20 s, 60 °C for 1 min and 68 °C for 30 s. Dissociation curves ensured product uniformity. Expression data was normalized to the housekeeping gene TATA-box binding protein (TBP). The relative expression levels of the gene of interest were calculated using the 2-ΔΔCt method. AREG primers were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich: forward 5′-GCT-CAG-GCC-ATT-ATG-CTG-CTG-3′, reverse 5′-ACT-CAC-AGG-GGA-AAT-CTC-ACT-CC-3′; TBP primers were obtained from Eurogentec: forward 5′-CGT-GGC-TCT-CTT-ATC-CTC-ATG-A-3’, reverse 5’-GCC-CGA-AAC-GCC-GAA-TAT-A-3’.
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4

Quantification of Transcription Factor mRNA

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Total mRNA was isolated from brain tissue using TRIzol (Invitrogen). cDNA was synthesized from 1 μg of mRNA using a RETROscript Kit (Applied Biosystems) on a MyCycler thermal cycler (Bio-Rad). Real-time PCR was then performed using SYBR Green RealMasterMix (Eppendorf AG) on a Mastercycler ep realplex machine (Eppendorf AG). Mouse TF mRNA was detected using forward primer spanning exons 4 and 5 (5′-TCAAGCACGGGAAAGAAAAC-3′) and reverse primer located within exon 5 (5′-CTGCTTCCTGGGCTATTTTG-3′), which generated a 137-bp product. TF expression was normalized to the expression of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) mRNA (forward 5′-GTGGTGAAAAGGACCTCTCG-3′ and reverse 5′-TGAAGTACTCATTATAGTCAAGGGGA-3′). mRNA expression levels were analyzed by real-time PCR using SsoFast Probes Supermix (Bio-Rad) and CFX connect Real-time PCR detection system (Bio-Rad). Relative expression levels of TF mRNA were calculated using the comparative threshold cycle method.
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5

Quantitative Analysis of Chondrogenic Markers

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At each time point, total RNA of the homogenized samples was isolated using Trizol and the genomic DNA was removed using Deoxyribonuclease I (Invitrogen) as described [18 ,26 (link)]. 250 ng of the extracted RNA, quantified with a NanoDrop spectrophotometer (ND-1000, ThermoFisher) was converted to cDNA using Promega reverse transcription system (Madison, WI), and the converted cDNA was amplified by RT-qPCR with SYBR green RealMasterMix (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) using Bio-Rad CXF96 PCR system (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) and the appropriate gene specific primers. Primers for zone specific chondrogenic markers were designed and selected by Primer3 web-based software as we described previously [32 (link)]. The list of primers sequences is provided in reference [18 ]. At each time point, the measured mRNA expression of the target genes was normalized against the reference house-keeping gene GAPDH and fold changes were compared to the expression of the same gene to day zero (encapsulated hMSCs, day zero).
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6

RNA Isolation and RT-qPCR Analysis

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At each time point, samples were manually homogenized and sonicated to rupture the membrane of encapsulated cells. Total cellular RNA of the samples was isolated using TRIzol as previously described [23 (link)]. After reverse transcription (Promega, Madison, WI), the converted cDNA was quantified by RT-qPCR with SYBR green RealMasterMix (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) using Bio-Rad CXF96 PCR (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) and the appropriate gene specific primers. Primers were designed and selected using Primer3 web-based software as previously described [24 (link)] and synthesized by Integrated DNA technologies (Coralville, IA). The list of forward and reverse primer sequences are provided in Table 1. The designed primer sequences matched with the reported sequences for human CD44, ABCG2, CD133, OCT4, TGF-β, EGFR, and GAPDH [25 (link)–28 (link)]. The PCR data was analyzed using ΔΔct Real time analysis method as previously described [29 (link)]. mRNA expressions were normalized against GAPDH reference gene and fold changes were compared to those in the same group at time zero.
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7

Quantifying Chondrogenic Markers in Zonal Cartilage

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Markers included SOX-9 as master regulator of chondrogenesis,53 (link) SZP as marker for the superficial zone,22 (link) Col II and AGC as ECM components highly expressed in the middle zone,18 (link) and Col X and ALP as markers for cartilage hypertrophy in the calcified zone.3 (link) At each time point, total RNA of the homogenized samples was isolated using Trizol44 (link) and genomic DNA was removed using Deoxyribonuclease I (Invitrogen) according to manufacturer's instructions. After converting RNA (250 ng) using Promega reverse transcription system (Madison, WI), the converted cDNA was amplified by RT-qPCR with SYBR green RealMasterMix (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) using Bio-Rad CXF96 PCR system (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) and the appropriate gene specific primers. Primers were designed and selected using Primer3 web-based software as described.54 (link) The list of primer sequences are provided in Table 2. Data were analyzed using ΔΔct Real time analysis method.38 (link) mRNA expressions were normalized against GAPDH as a house keeping reference gene and fold changes were compared to those in the same group at day zero.
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8

Quantification of Glut4 Expression

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Total RNA was isolated from quadriceps skeletal muscle using TRIzol reagent (Life Technologies, Monza, Italy), following the manufacturer’s recommended protocol and quantified with a NanoDrop Spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). RNA levels were normalized against 18S ribosomal RNA in each sample, and cDNAs were synthesized from 1 μg of total RNA using the High Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit (Life Technologies). Primers for mouse Glut4 and ribosomal protein S9 (RPS9) were designed according to sequences from the GenBank database. Relative quantification was made using a real-time thermocycler (Eppendorf Mastercycler ep realplex, Milano, Italy). In a 20-μl final volume, 1 μl of cDNA solution was mixed with SYBR Green RealMasterMix (Eppendorf) and 0.2 μM of each sense and antisense primers. SYBR Green fluorescence was measured, and relative quantification was made against either RPS9 or Gapdh cDNAs, used as internal standards. All PCR reactions were carried out in triplicates. Glut4 protein expression was measured in quadriceps muscle from six to eight mice of each group, using a rabbit anti-Glut4 polyclonal antibody as previously described (17 (link)).
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9

Quantification of IL-6 Family Genes

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After RNA isolation, complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized by RT-RTCK-05 kit (Eurogentec, Berlin, Germany) and stored at −20°C. A standard real-time PCR reaction with SYBR Green Real Master Mix (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) was performed in duplicates using Mx3005p (Agilent Technologies) under the following conditions: 95°C for 2 min followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 20 sec, 60°C for 1 min and 68°C for 30 sec. The primers used were: IL-6 forward, 5′-GCA-GAA-AAA-GGC-AAA-GAA-TC-3′ and reverse, 5′-CTA-CAT-TTG-CCG-AAG-AGC-3′; IL-6 X1 isoform forward, 5′-TCC-TCA-TTC-CCT-CAA-CTT-GG-3′ and reverse, 5′-GCA-GAA-GAG-AGC-CAA-CCA-AC-3′; and IL-6R forward, 5′-CTG-GAA-AGC-ATT-CAT-GCT-ACC-3′ and reverse, 5′-GAC-TGT-TCT-GAA-ACT-TCC-TC-3′ (all designed by Sigma-Aldrich); TATA box binding protein (TBP): forward, 5′-CGT-GGC-TCT-CTT-ATC-CTC-ATG-A-3′ and reverse, 5′-GCC-CGA-AAC-GCC-GAA-TAT-A-3′ (designed by Eurogentec). Dissociation curves ensured product uniformity. Expression data were normalized to the housekeeping gene TBP. The relative expression levels of the genes of interest were calculated using the 2−ΔΔCt method.
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10

Quantifying PD-L1 and IL-6 expression

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After RNA isolation of CAL27cis and Detroit‐562cis, complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized by RT‐RTCK‐05 kit (Eurogentec, Berlin, Germany) and stored at −20°C. A standard real‐time PCR reaction with SYBR Green Real Master Mix (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) was performed in duplicates using Mx3005p (Agilent Technologies) under the following conditions: 95°C for 2 minutes followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 20 seconds, 60°C for 1 minutes and 68°C for 30 seconds. The primers used were: PD‐L1 forward, 5′‐ TCAATGCCCCATACAACAAA ‐3′ and reverse, 5′‐ TGCTTGTCCAGATGACTTCG ‐3′; IL‐6 forward, 5′‐GCAGAAAAAGGCAAAGAA TC‐3′ and reverse, 5′‐CTACATTTGCCGAAGAGC‐3′; GAPDH forward, 5′‐GGATTTGGTCGTA TTGGG‐3′, reverse, 5′‐GGAAGATGGTGATGGGA TT‐3′ (all designed by Sigma‐Aldrich). Expression data were normalized to the housekeeping gene GAPDH. The relative expression levels of the genes of interest were calculated using the 2−ΔΔCt method.
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