Around 5 mL of fasting blood was collected from each TLE patient within 12 h after an epileptic seizure and from each control. After centrifugation of peripheral blood at a speed of 3000 r/min for 15 min, supernatants were gathered and stored at −80℃. Then, the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) (Sangon, Shanghai, China), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (Sangon), Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA), high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB-1) (Sangon), S100B (Boster, Wuhan, China), neuron specific enolase (NSE) (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (Boster, Wuhan, China), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) (R&D systems), Bcl-2 (MyBioSource, San Diego, CA, USA), Bax (MyBioSource), and Caspase-3 (MyBioSource) were determined using respective ELISA kits.
Neuron specific enolase
Manufactured by R&D Systems
Sourced in China, United States
Neuron specific enolase (NSE) is an enzyme involved in the glycolytic pathway. It is primarily found in neurons and neuroendocrine cells. NSE is a commonly used biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of certain neurological conditions.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
2 protocols using neuron specific enolase
1
Biomarkers in Epilepsy Seizure Pathogenesis
2
Biomarkers of Brain Injury in Athletes
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Fasted and resting serum samples (10 mL) were collected at the same time of the day at each timepoint using vacutainer serum separator tubes (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ). Blood samples were centrifuged and stored at − 80 °C freezer until analyses were run in batches at the end of the study. Biomarkers of brain injury including S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) (MyBioSource, Inc., USA), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (R&D System, USA), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (R&D System, MA, USA), neurofilament light chain protein (NFL) (MyBioSource, Inc., USA), and neuron specific enolase (NSE) (R&D System, MA, USA) were measured from serum samples using quantitative Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA). Due to low sample volume, only 26 linemen and 13 non-linemen were included in the GFAP, NSE, and NFL analysis, while S100B and BDNF were characterized on the complete dataset of 48 participants.
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