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4 protocols using gelzan cm gelrite

1

Synthesis and Characterization of Methacrylated Gellan Gum Hydrogels

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Methacrylated gellan gum (GG-MA) was obtained as previously described by Silva-Correia et al. [30 (link)]. Briefly, a solution of low-acyl gellan gum (Gelzan™ CM Gelrite®, Sigma-Aldrich) reacted with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA, 97%, Sigma-Aldrich) overnight at room temperature, with constant control of pH at 8.5 and under vigorous stirring. The reaction products were precipitated by the addition of cold acetone and further purified by dialysis (cellulose membrane, molecular weight cut-off 12 kDa, Sigma-Aldrich) against distilled water, for one week. Then, the obtained GG-MA was frozen at −80 °C, freeze-dried, and the final dry material was stored protected from light, in a dry place, until further use. GG-MA solutions of desired concentrations were prepared by dissolving the dry material in Milli-Q water using gentle agitation. Manganese (II) chloride powder (MnCl2 powder, Sigma-Aldrich) was used to prepare the MnCl2 aqueous solutions used as a supplement for GG-MA hydrogels. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) was prepared following the composition listed in Table 1, and final pH adjustment to 7.3, with NaOH. For in vitro and in vivo assays, dry GG-MA was sterilized by UV light for 30 min in a laminar flow hood. All other materials and solutions were sterilized by filtration (0.22 µm filter).
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2

Synthesis and Formulation of GelMA Hydrogels

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GelMA was synthesized by reacting gelatin (Sigma Aldrich, type A from porcine skin, 175g Bloom; Zwijndrecht, the Netherlands) with methacrylic anhydride (Sigma Aldrich) as previously described28 . The polymer was freeze-dried and stored at -20°C until further use.
Irgacure 2959 (gift from BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany) was dissolved in MilliQ with 10% PBS v/v (optimal salt concentration for the ionic interaction of gelMA with gellan gum28 ) at 70°C for 20 minutes, to a final concentration of 0.1% w/v. To generate an isotonic solution, 4.86% D-(+)-mannose (Sigma Aldrich) was added. The solution was filter-sterilized and used to dissolve gelMA and low-acyl gellan gum (Gelzan™ CM, Gelrite®; Sigma Aldrich) at different concentrations, as shown in Figure 1.
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3

Modular Hydrogel Tissue Engineering

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Gelatin A from porcine skin, gellan gum (Gelzan CM Gelrite), adipic dihydrazide (ADH), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol, spermidine trihydrochloride (SPD), 1-ethyl-3-[3 dimethylamino)-propyl]–carbodiimide(EDC), hydroxylamine hydrochloride, N-hydroxybentzotriazole (HOBt), hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride (NaCl), and sodium periodate were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. Geltrex was obtained from Thermo Fisher.
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4

Cultivation of thermophilic bacteria

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T. terrenum strain YNP1 was obtained from ATCC. T. terrenum was routinely maintained at 65 °C with agitation in NYZ broth (10 g of casamino acids (Thermo Fisher), 5 g of yeast extract (Merck), 5 g of NaCl/liter) solidified with 0.8% Gelzan CM Gelrite (Sigma-Aldrich) when necessary. T. terrenum cells were streaked from a glycerol stock onto an NYZ plate and incubated at 65 °C for 5 days. A single colony was inoculated into 5 ml of NYZ broth supplemented with 0.2% glucose, and the starter culture was incubated at 65 °C for 2 days with vigorous agitation and used to inoculate experimental cultures. Bacillus subtilis strain 168 (Marburg) was routinely maintained and propagated in LB medium (10 g of Bacto tryptone (BD Biosciences), 5 g of yeast extract (Merck), 10 g of NaCl/liter). E. coli was routinely maintained in LB broth supplemented with 100 μg/ml ampicillin as required at 37 °C.
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