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309 protocols using sas ver 9

1

Randomized Animal Study Protocol

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All data are reported as the mean with standard error. No statistical methods were used to predetermine the sample sizes in the in vitro studies. In the animal studies, rats were randomized into 3 groups, in order to minimize the average and the standard deviation of their body weight by SAS Ver.9.1.3 (SAS Institute Inc.).
The parametric two-tailed Dunnett type multiple comparison, two-tailed Student’s t-tests or two-tailed Welch’s t-test were performed relative to the control group. When the p-value was less than 0.05 (p < 0.05), the difference was judged to be significant. Statistical analyses were performed with SAS Ver.9.1.3 (SAS Institute Inc.).
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2

Poleward Shifts in Species Ranges

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To examine potential shifts in the northern and southern limits of species in the study area, we used the occurrence data and determined how many of the 30 most prevalent species in the study area showed a different northern extent (maximum latitude) in 2010 than they did in 1993/1994 and how many showed a different southern extent (minimum latitude). We then applied a sign test (SAS ver. 9.4) to check for statistical significance under the null hypothesis that the median latitudinal movement of the northern and southern limits of the 30 species was 15 (i.e., equal numbers moved north and south). Also, we used quantile regression (SAS ver. 9.4) to calculate the 10th quantile of each species’ centers of abundance by year. We took the 10th quantile to represent the southern extent of the distribution.
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3

Statistical Analysis of Intra-observer Consistency

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Quadratic weighted kappa analysis was used for categorical variables, and intra-class correlation coefficient analysis was used for continuous variables to analyze the intra-observer consistency. An independent t-test was used to analyze the age differences according to the sex of the patients included in the study. An ANOVA was performed to analyze the difference in age according to the difficulty index. Difference in sex and the difficulty index were analyzed using the chi-squared test. The data were analyzed using a statistical analysis program (SAS ver. 9.3 [SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA] and IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 23.0 [IBM, Armonk, NY, USA]). A P-value less than 0.05 indicated significance.
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4

Correlation of Brain Injury and HRV

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We calculated Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient to determine correlation between brain injury scores and HRV metrics. We used SAS (ver. 9.3, Cary, NC) to conduct all analyses with statistical significance considered for P <0.05. Two-sided significance testing was used, with no adjustment for multiple comparisons. We present data as median (Q1-Q3) or frequency and percent. Group comparisons were made using either t-tests or Fisher’s exact test, where appropriate.
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5

Extrudate Properties Influenced by Honey

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All the experiments including determination of various parameters were conducted in triplicates unless mentioned otherwise. All data were expressed as means ± Standard deviation (SD). The influence of adding neera honey and CMR to rice and corn based extrudates on the properties of extrudates was analyzed using completely randomized design with the ANNOVA procedure in SAS Ver.9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., 2011, Cary, NC, USA).
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6

Examining Direct Response to Selection

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To examine the direct response to selection on male biomass, we used ANOVA to compare values for full sib families among the two high male lines, two high female lines and two control lines, with a priori contrast of the average of the two high male lines versus average of the two control lines. Separate analyses were run on average male biomass in hermaphrodites for each generation of selection, using Proc GLM in SAS ver. 9.3. We ran similar analyses on average female biomass in females to examine the direct response to selection on female biomass, with a priori contrast of the average of the two high female lines versus average of the two control lines.
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7

Dose-dependent mortality and fecundity effects of PH3 and EF on C. chinensis

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The dose-dependent mortality data after PH3 and EF fumigation exposure to the C. chinensis adults were submitted to Probit analysis to find the lethal dose values. The mortality data after exposure of C. chinensis adults to sub-lethal doses (Control, LC25, LC50 and LC99) of PH3 and EF were expressed as percent survivorships. The results of the fumigation on average adult mortalities, fecundity of females in different combinations of cross-mating and the resulting egg hatchability data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and means were separated using Tukey’s HSD (Honest Significant Difference) test. The differences in 2E and 2Z-homofarnesals produced by the fumigated or non-fumigated C. chinensis females were compared using T-statistic. All the statistical analyses were carried out by using SAS (ver. 9.3)50 .
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8

Statistical Analysis of Experimental Treatments

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For each treatment and control, the data from the independent replicate trials were pooled, and analyzed using the proc mixed sub-routine of the statistical analysis software (SAS ver 9.3, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). Least significant difference test was used to determine significant differences (p < 0.05) in assayed parameters due to treatment concentrations. Data comparisons for the gene expression study were made using Student’s t-test. Differences were considered significant at p ≤0.05.
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9

Renal Cell Carcinoma and ESRD Risk

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A chi-square test was used to assess sociodemographic differences “between the RCC and control cohorts.” The person-years of follow-up was estimated from the index date to the date of ESRD diagnosis, loss to follow-up, death, or the end of 2010. We estimated the overall cumulative incidence densities and calculated the incidence rate ratios (per 100,000 person-years) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with stratification by gender using the Poisson regression model. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to plot the cumulative incidence for ESRD and the log-rank test was used to test the difference between the two cohorts. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for ESRD were measured using Cox proportional hazards regression. The interaction of RCC and CKD with ESRD was estimated. The trend test was employed Cox proportional hazards regression. All data analyses were conducted using the SAS (ver. 9.3) statistical package for Windows (SAS Institute, Cary, NC), and the significant level was set at 0.05 in a two-sided test.
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10

Evaluating Pork Quality: Gender and Chilling Effects

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This experiment had a completely randomized design with a 2 (gender; barrow vs
gilt) × 3 (CW; CCW vs HCW vs VHCW) factorial arrangement of treatments.
All data of meat quality measurements and sensory evaluation were analyzed using
general linear model procedure of Statistical Analysis System (SAS) ver. 9.3
[22 ] and a model containing gender,
CW, and interaction of these terms. Significant differences were declared at
p < 0.05. Pearson Correlation coefficient was
obtained to describe the relationship between CW and meat quality traits and
sensory properties using SAS PROC.
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