Pe mouse anti human cd90

FITC mouse anti-human CD19 (Cat: 560994), CD34 (Cat: 560942), CD45 (Cat: 560976), CD73 (Cat: 561254), and CD105 (Cat: 561443) and PE mouse anti-human CD90 (Cat: 555596) were purchased from BD Pharmingen (BD Biosciences Systems; San Jose, CA, USA). The rabbit antibodies against phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (p-p65, Ser536) (Cat: 3033) and NF-κB p65 (Cat: 8242) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). The rabbit antibodies against p53 (Cat: 345567), phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38, Thr180/Tyr182) (Cat: 310091), and phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK Thr183/Tyr185) (Cat: R26311) and the mouse antibodies against p38 MAPK (Cat: 200782) and JNK (Cat: 201001) were purchased from ZENBIO Inc. (Chengdu, China). The rabbit antibodies against p21 (Cat: 10355-1-AP) and the lamin B1 (Cat: 12987-1-AP) polyclonal antibodies were purchased from Proteintech Group (Chicago, IL, USA). The polyclonal rabbit antibody against EV71 VP1 (Cat: GTX132339) was purchased from GeneTex, Inc. (Alton Pkwy Irvine, CA, USA). The rabbit antibody against EV71 3D (Cat: A8608) was purchased from Abclonal (Wuhan, China). The hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) was purchased from Guangzhou Chemical Reagent Factory (Guangzhou, China).

H9‐derived MSCs and human bone marrow‐derived MSCs (Lonza, Walkersville, MD,
http://www.lonza.com) were grown to confluence, harvested by using 0.25% trypsin/EDTA, and resuspended in buffer containing phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), 2% HEPES buffer, 2% FBS, and 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) as previously described 43. Cells (1 × 10⁶) were incubated with phycoerythrin (PE) mouse anti‐human CD90, PE mouse anti‐human CD73, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) mouse anti‐human CD44, FITC mouse anti‐human CD45, FITC mouse anti‐human HLA‐ABC, PE mouse anti‐human CD29, PE mouse anti‐human CD166, PE mouse anti‐human HLA‐DR, FITC mouse anti‐human CD105, or FITC mouse anti‐human CD31 (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA,
http://www.bdbiosciences.com). Nonspecific fluorescence was determined by using isotype‐matched monoclonal antibodies. A total of 10,000 events were collected on a BD fluorescence‐activated cell sorting Calibur Flow Cytometer instrument by using CellQuest software (BD Biosciences). Analyses of results and corresponding graphs were generated by using FlowJo software (Tree Star, Ashland, OR,
http://www.flowjo.com) 434445.

Dental pulp tissues were isolated from extracted deciduous incisors (6–8-year-old donors). Parents of these donors signed written informed consent forms. Pulp tissues were isolated, washed, digested in 3 mg/ml collagenase type I (Sigma-Aldrich, United States) for 2 h and incubated with culture medium at 37°C in 5% CO₂. At 80% confluence, the cells were trypsinized and subcultured. The specific cell surface molecules were identified using flow cytometry. Briefly, cells at passage three were trypsinized and incubated with FITC mouse anti-human CD105 (Cat.561443), PE mouse anti-human CD34 (Cat.555822), PE mouse anti-human CD90 (Cat.555596), PE mouse anti-human HLA-DR (Cat. 555812) and BV510 mouse anti-human CD45(Cat.563204) (all from BD Biosciences, United States) on ice for 30 min. Then the cells were washed, resuspended and detected with a flow cytometry system (BD LSRFortessa, BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, United States).