Axio cam erc 5 s imaging system

The samples collected from South Korea were preserved in Korean Lichen Research Institute. Specimen examination and hand-sectioning was conducted under a dissecting microscope (SMZ 745T; Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). All anatomical descriptions are based on observations of these preparations under an Olympus BX 50 microscope (Tokyo, Japan) and photos were acquired under a Carl Zeiss MicroImaging microscope with Axio Cam ERc 5s imaging system (Jena, Germany). All measurements of the sections were conducted in water. The dimension range of ascospores was determined by measuring 30–50 ascospores.

All newly collected specimens included in this study were deposited in Sunchon National University, Korean Lichen Research Institute (KoLRI). The morphology examination and anatomical characteristics were recorded under a dissecting microscope (Model SMZ 745 T; Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) and Olympus BX 50 microscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan), and photographs were taken using a HD-Measure LTHS-300 (Leetech Co., Seoul, South Korea) microscope and Carl Zeiss MicroImaging with Axio Cam ERc 5 s imaging system (Carl Zeiss, Gottingen, Germany). The minimum (min.) and maximum values (max.) of the thallus width, soredia, apothecia, and ascospore size are recorded. The number (N) and mean values (in italics) were measured. Secondary metabolites were studied by a spot test and thin layer chromatography in solvent C, as described in [22 ] and [23 ]. UV test was performed with a UV Chamber (VL-6.LC; Viber Lourmat, Collégien, France) under a long (366 nm) wavelength.

The morphological and anatomical characteristics of the specimens were examined under a dissecting microscope (Nikon SMZ 745 T; Tokyo, Japan) and Olympus BX 50 microscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Photos were taken under HD-Measure LTHS-300 (Leetech Co., Seoul, South Korea) microscope and Carl Zeiss MicroImaging with Axio Cam ERc 5 s imaging system (Carl Zeiss MicroImaging, GmbH, Gottingen, Germany). All measurements based on the sections from thallus and apothecia were made in the water. Minimum-maximum values and the maximum value are recorded for granule, asci, and ascospores size. The number (N) of granules, asci, and spores were measured, and mean values (in italics), standard deviations (S.D.), quotient of length and width (Q), and average quotient [Q (m)] were calculated. The terminology to describe leprose lichens follows Lendemer [13 ].